The attachment probabilities of marine snow and their implications for particle coagulation in the ocean

Alldredge, Alice L.; McGillivary, Philip A.

doi:10.1016/0198-0149(91)90045-h

Cited by 85 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Understanding the fate of small particles within lake systems is important because they are often associated with heavy metal contaminants and phosphorus (Williams, Jaquet & Thomas, 1976;Schorer, 1997;Andrieux-Loyer & Aminot, 2001). The cohesive properties of sediments, such as the behaviour of colloidal particles and the tendency of organic material to form aggregates (Alldredge & McGillivary, 1991), can result in an increase in effective grain size, thereby increasing the critical shear required for resuspension (Håkanson & Jansson, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of sediment focussing to heterogeneity of organic carbon and phosphorus burial in small lakes

et al. 2011

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Contribution of sediment focussing to heterogeneity of organic carbon and phosphorus burial in small lakes. Freshwater Biology, 57 (2). 290-304.10.1111/j. 1365-2427.2011.02616.x Contact CEH NORA team at noraceh@ceh.ac.ukThe NERC and CEH trademarks and logos ('the Trademarks') are registered trademarks of NERC in the UK and other countries, and may not be used without the prior written consent of the Trademark owner. 2. We elucidated the heterogeneity of surface sediment distribution in a small lake, Esthwaite Water (UK). We considered multiple focusing mechanisms (downslope gravitational transport, waves, and wind-driven currents) and their effect on multiple sediment variables (water content, organic content, total phosphorus and benthic diatom taxon richness). In particular, we investigated the implications of different focusing processes for calculations of burial rates of organic carbon and total phosphorus. We used a new, high-resolution bathymetric survey of the lake in our calculations and compared the results to those from an earlier low-resolution bathymetric survey.4. Wave-driven focusing and downslope gravitational transport were not significant in Esthwaite Water. However, calculated wind-induced current speeds were sufficient to mobilise small particles at all depths of the lake and therefore could potentially be an important resuspension process in small lakes.5. We calculated that approximately half of the phosphorus entering the lake is retained in the sediments. This has important implications for the ability of the lake to recover from eutrophication because of the prolonged internal phosphorus loading capability.6. Differences in calculated burial rates due to sediment heterogeneity were much larger than those due to the difference in bathymetric resolution. Ignoring sediment heterogeneity when calculating flux-to-lake bed rates for organic carbon and total 3 phosphorus can lead to large inaccuracies, with implications for burial rate and budget studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of sediment focussing to heterogeneity of organic carbon and phosphorus burial in small lakes

et al. 2011

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“…High-molecular-weight carbohydrates represent the main constituent of slime secretion of phytoplankton and bacteria (Decho 1990) and have been shown to be involved in the attachment of cells to surfaces and cell-cell adhesion, producing multicellular aggregates (Yoshida 1991). Interparticle bridging by polysaccharide polymers is thought to be important in formation of larger organic aggregates in the sea (Alldredge & McGillivary 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of copepod grazing by diatom exudates: a factor in the development of mucus aggregates?

Malej¹,

Harris²

1993

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

103

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Dissolved polymers, especially polysaccharides, are thought to play an important role in formation of larger organic aggregates in the sea. Phytoplankton may exude considerable quantities of polymers, although the particular conditions conducive to release of these substances are not known. Such processes are implicated in the formation of large-scale gelatinous mucus aggregations in the Adriatic Sea. We investigated extracellular carbohydrate release in the diatoms Coscinodiscus granii, Stephanopyxis palmenana, Skeletonema costatum, Nitzschia delicatissima, Thalassiosira weissflogii, and 2 species of Chaetoceros, under different culture conditions, and examined whether these exudates interfered with copepod grazing. The copepod species studied are typical of Adriatic coastal enviroments. Our results indicate that during the exponential growth phase the contribution of the high-molecular-weight carbohydrate (HMWCHO) fraction to extracellular release was minor, except in phosphorus Limited medium. A shift towards an increased significance of HMWCHO was observed in the stationary phase for all species tested. Grazing experiments with Temora longicornis and Pseudocalanus elongatus demonstrated that copepod feeding was inhibited by HMWCHO diatom exudate and also stationary phase culture filtrate. Feeding rates were also adversely affected by the presence of pure HMW dextran used as a model substance. Copepod feeding was more strongly inhibited by &atom HMWCHO exudates than an equivalent concentration of pure dextran, suggesting an additional response to the chemical stimuli of algal exudates.

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“…We calculated the particle removal rate of SMP by absorption to 5-20 µm particles in the surface water of Otsuchi Bay (35.0°N, 141.6°E, Japan) from the data of observation on June 9, 1999 (post phytoplankton bloom: chl a 1.1 to 4.4 µg l ) and by using the advective-diffusion model. With an abundance of attached flagellates of 0.7 to 1.5 × 10 3 cells ml -1 and assuming the velocity of their feeding to be 5 to 20 µm s -1 with a collision efficiency (stickiness) of 0.60 to 0.88 (Alldredge & McGillivary 1991), all SMP could be removed within 8 to 160 d by the feeding current of flagellates without any particle decomposition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding currents of particle-attached nanoflagellates-a novel mechanism for aggregation of submicron particles

Fukuda

Koike²

2000

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The attachment probabilities of marine snow and their implications for particle coagulation in the ocean

Cited by 85 publications

References 20 publications

Contribution of sediment focussing to heterogeneity of organic carbon and phosphorus burial in small lakes

Contribution of sediment focussing to heterogeneity of organic carbon and phosphorus burial in small lakes

Inhibition of copepod grazing by diatom exudates: a factor in the development of mucus aggregates?

Feeding currents of particle-attached nanoflagellates-a novel mechanism for aggregation of submicron particles

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