The Australian Earth System Model: ACCESS-ESM1.5

Ziehn, Tilo; Chamberlain, Matthew A.; Law, R. M.; Lenton, Andrew; Bodman, Roger; Dix, Martin; Stevens, Lauren; Wang, Ying‐Ping; Srbinovsky, Jhan

doi:10.1071/es19035

Cited by 334 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Considering this, we estimate future SLR and SST projections based on state-of-the-art nine CMIP6 participating models, including the K-ACE and UKESM1, which are performed by our research group [54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64]. To estimate future SLR in the 21st century, ocean-related and glacier components are considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To estimate SLR and SST changes, we have obtained 9 CMIP6 participating models (Table 1; K-ACE [54,55], UKESM1-LL [56,57], ACCESS-ESM1-5 [58], CanESM5 [59], EC-Earth3-Veg [60], INM-CM5-0 [61], IPSL-CM6A-LR [62], MPI-ESM1-2-LR [63], and MRI-ESM2-0 [64]) from the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) [65]. Among these models, the results of K-ACE and UKESM1 are performed in our research group, and the others are provided by ESGF.…”

Section: Observation and Cmip6 Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This appears to be related to a higher increasing trend of temperature from CMIP6 models. The CMIP6 models have high climate sensitivity, as the response to past global warming in the CMIP6 models tend to be large [55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64]. Global warming and SLR have a positive relation.…”

Section: Contributions To Mean Sea Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Future Changes in the Global and Regional Sea Level Rise and Sea Surface Temperature Based on CMIP6 Models

et al. 2021

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Estimating future sea level rise (SLR) and sea surface temperature (SST) is essential to implement mitigation and adaptation options within a sustainable development framework. This study estimates regional SLR and SST changes around the Korean peninsula. Two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5) scenarios and nine Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) model simulations are used to estimate the changes in SLR and SST. At the end of the 21st century, global SLR is expected to be 0.28 m (0.17–0.38 m) and 0.65 m (0.52–0.78 m) for SSP 1–2.6 and SSP5-8.5, respectively. Regional change around the Korean peninsula (0.25 m (0.15–0.35 m; SSP1-2.6) and 0.63 m (0.50–0.76 m; SSP5-8.5)) is similar with global SLR. The discrepancy between global and regional changes is distinct in SST warming rather than SLR. For SSP5-8.5, SST around the Korean peninsula projects is to rise from 0.49 °C to 0.59 °C per decade, which is larger than the global SST trend (0.39 °C per decade). Considering this, the difference of regional SST change is related to the local ocean current change, such as the Kuroshio Current. Additionally, ocean thermal expansion and glacier melting are major contributors to SLR, and the contribution rates of glacier melting increase in higher emission scenarios.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Observation and Cmip6 Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Future Changes in the Global and Regional Sea Level Rise and Sea Surface Temperature Based on CMIP6 Models

et al. 2021

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“…As for the ESMs, the maximum sea surface density was calculated based on a monthly sea surface density climatology on a regular 1 • × 1 • grid, which was constructed from observed monthly salinity and temperature climatologies in the World Ocean Atlas 2018 (Locarnini et al, 2018;Zweng et al, 2018).…”

Section: Observational Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arctic Ocean acidification over the 21st century co-driven by anthropogenic carbon increases and freshening in the CMIP6 model ensemble

et al. 2021

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Abstract. The uptake of anthropogenic carbon (Cant) by the ocean leads to ocean acidification, causing the reduction of pH and the saturation states of aragonite (Ωarag) and calcite (Ωcalc). The Arctic Ocean is particularly vulnerable to ocean acidification due to its naturally low pH and saturation states and due to ongoing freshening and the concurrent reduction in total alkalinity in this region. Here, we analyse ocean acidification in the Arctic Ocean over the 21st century across 14 Earth system models (ESMs) from the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Compared to the previous model generation (CMIP5), models generally better simulate maximum sea surface densities in the Arctic Ocean and consequently the transport of Cant into the Arctic Ocean interior, with simulated historical increases in Cant in improved agreement with observational products. Moreover, in CMIP6 the inter-model uncertainty of projected changes over the 21st century in Arctic Ocean Ωarag and Ωcalc averaged over the upper 1000 m is reduced by 44–64 %. The strong reduction in projection uncertainties of Ωarag and Ωcalc can be attributed to compensation between Cant uptake and total alkalinity reduction in the latest models. Specifically, ESMs with a large increase in Arctic Ocean Cant over the 21st century tend to simulate a relatively weak concurrent freshening and alkalinity reduction, while ESMs with a small increase in Cant simulate a relatively strong freshening and concurrent total alkalinity reduction. Although both mechanisms contribute to Arctic Ocean acidification over the 21st century, the increase in Cant remains the dominant driver. Even under the low-emissions Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 1-2.6 (SSP1-2.6), basin-wide averaged Ωarag undersaturation in the upper 1000 m occurs before the end of the century. While under the high-emissions pathway SSP5-8.5, the Arctic Ocean mesopelagic is projected to even become undersaturated with respect to calcite. An emergent constraint identified in CMIP5 which relates present-day maximum sea surface densities in the Arctic Ocean to the projected end-of-century Arctic Ocean Cant inventory is found to generally hold in CMIP6. However, a coincident constraint on Arctic declines in Ωarag and Ωcalc is not apparent in the new generation of models. This is due to both the reduction in Ωarag and Ωcalc projection uncertainty and the weaker direct relationship between projected changes in Arctic Ocean Cant and changes in Ωarag and Ωcalc.

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“…Internationally, climate models are continually being enhanced through increasing resolution and improved process representation. For ACCESS, recent development has focussed on building ACCESS-ESM1 (Law et al 2017) and ACCESS-ESM1.5 (Ziehn et al 2020) to include the carbon cycle, and configuring a new generation physical climate model (ACCESS-CM2). The immediate goal of ACCESS-CM2 and ACCESS-ESM1.5 is participation in CMIP6 (Eyring et al 2016) which is the current successor to CMIP5.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Configuration and spin-up of ACCESS-CM2, the new generation Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator Coupled Model

Dix

Marsland

et al. 2020

J. South. Hemisph. Earth Syst. Sci.

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A new version of the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator coupled model, ACCESS-CM2, has been developed for a wide range of climate modelling research and applications. In particular, ACCESS-CM2 is one of Australia's contributions to the World Climate Research Programme's Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Compared with the ACCESS1.3 model used for our CMIP5 submission, all model components have been upgraded as well as the coupling framework (OASIS3-MCT) and experiment control system (Rose/Cylc). The component models are: UM10.6 GA7.1 for the atmosphere, CABLE2.5 for the land surface, MOM5 for the ocean, and CICE5.1.2 for the sea ice. This paper describes the model configuration of ACCESS-CM2, documents the experimental set up, and assesses the model performance for the preindustrial spin-up simulation in comparison against (reconstructed) observations and ACCESS1.3 results. While the performance of the two generations of the ACCESS coupled model is largely comparable, ACCESS-CM2 shows better global hydrological balance, more realistic ocean water properties (in terms of spatial distribution) and meridional overturning circulation in the Southern Ocean but a poorer simulation of the Antarctic sea ice and a larger energy imbalance at the top of atmosphere. This energy imbalance reflects a noticeable warming trend of the global ocean over the spin-up period.

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The Australian Earth System Model: ACCESS-ESM1.5

Cited by 334 publications

References 49 publications

Future Changes in the Global and Regional Sea Level Rise and Sea Surface Temperature Based on CMIP6 Models

Future Changes in the Global and Regional Sea Level Rise and Sea Surface Temperature Based on CMIP6 Models

Arctic Ocean acidification over the 21st century co-driven by anthropogenic carbon increases and freshening in the CMIP6 model ensemble

Configuration and spin-up of ACCESS-CM2, the new generation Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator Coupled Model

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