President Donald Trump's "America First" policy questions the fundamentals of the global U.S.-led alliance network. Where other allies implemented hedging strategies, Japan's Prime Minister Abe Shinzō pledged to "make the alliance even greater," insisting that the bilateral ties were "airtight" and "stronger than ever before." However, Trump's approach to trade, détente with North Korea, and off-the-cuff remarks regarding nuclear weapons invigorated criticism in Japan: the U.S. is an unreliable partner and Japan needs to prepare for life after the alliance. We argue that Abe's embrace of Trump was successful in staving off the worst, maintaining stability at the cost of personal humiliation and certain trade and security interests. However, Trump's cavalier treatment of Japan has laid bare the realities of the alliance, potentially revitalizing a more autonomous discourse of alternatives to the current and often "humiliating" modus in alliance management. Alliance Adrift Redux? Donald J. Trump's 2016 electoral victory has become known in Japan as the "Trump Shock," 1 echoing the "Nixon shocks" of the early 1970s. Like Nixon before him, Trump has departed from the status quo on security and trade policy, pressuring Japan on market access and burden-sharing while making unilateral and dramatic shifts in U.S. policy toward regional rivals (for Nixon it was China, for Trump it is North Korea). But where Nixon's foreign policy was amorally realist, Trump's has proved more narcissistic nativist. 2 Since his 2016 presidential campaign, Trump's "America First" policy has threatened to unravel the fundamentals of the global U.S.-led alliance networks in Europe and Asia. 3 Where other allies responded with hedging strategies, Japan's Prime Minister Abe Shinzō pledged to "make the alliance even greater," 4 cultivating close personal ties to Trump and insisting that the bilateral relationship was "airtight" 5 and "stronger than ever before." 6 Some pundits have argued that the "Trump Shock" even represents a golden opportunity for Japan to step up and pursue leadership in securing the stability of the international liberal order. 7 This embrace of Trump, and the ensuing so-called "bromance" between the two leaders, has been lauded by both Japanese and Western commentators and analysts. 8 However, it is far from clear what results Abe's approach has yielded. Trump's withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) agreement and tough approach to trade negotiations, sudden détente with North Korea, and off-the-cuff remarks regarding the prospect of Japan developing nuclear weapons have invigorated a sense of uncertainty among Japan's alliance managers, raising concerns as to whether the United States is a reliable partner and whether it is time for Japan to prepare for life after the U.S. alliance. 9 Thus, 4 years after Trump's election victory, and with the United States facing another divisive presidential election, in this article we take stock of Abe's response to the "Trump Shock" and assess the state of the alliance a...