The auxin response factor gene family in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): Genome-wide identification, characterization and expression analyses in response to leaf rust

Xiong

et al. 2022

IJMS

Auxin participates in various physiological and molecular response-related developmental processes and is a pivotal hormone that regulates phenotypic formation in plants. Auxin response factors (ARFs) are vital transcription factors that mediate downstream auxin signaling by explicitly binding to auxin-responsive genes’ promoters. Here, to investigate the possible developmental regulatory functions of ARFs in Ginkgo biloba, through employing comprehensive bioinformatics, we recognized 15 putative GbARF members. Conserved domains and motifs, gene and protein structure, gene duplication, GO enrichment, transcriptome expression profiles, and qRT-PCR all showed that Group I and III members were highly conserved. Among them, GbARF10b and GbARF10a were revealed as transcriptional activators in the auxin response for the development of Ginkgo male flowers through sequences alignment, cis-elements analysis and GO annotation；the results were corroborated for the treatment of exogenous SA. Moreover, the GbARFs expansion occurred predominantly by segmental duplication, and most GbARFs have undergone purifying selection. The Ka/Ks ratio test identified the functional consistence of GbARF2a and GbARF2c, GbARF10b, and GbARF10a in tissue expression profiles and male flower development. In summary, our study established a new research basis for exploring Ginkgo GbARF members’ roles in floral organ development and hormone response.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Identification and Expression Analysis of the Auxin Response Factor (ARF) Gene Family in Ginkgo biloba L.

Xiong

et al. 2022

IJMS

Advances in Agriculture

“…Leaf rust resistance genes obtained from Triticum aestivum were studied genetically. Many yellow rust resistance genes are derived from hexaploidy wheat [74]. Yr1, YrA, Yr2, Yr3a-c, Yr4a-b, Yr6, Yr11, Yr12, Yr13, Yr14b, etc.…”

Section: Yellow Leaf or Stripe Rust Resistance Known Gene (P Striifor...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Major Rust Resistance Gene and Amino Acid Changes on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L)

Basnet

Juliana

Bhattarai

et al. 2022

Wheat ranks first in the production and productivity of staple cereal crops in the world. Several diseases, including Stripe (Puccinia striiformis f. Sp. tritici), Black (Puccinia graminis f. Sp. tritici), and Brown (Puccinia recondita), have a major negative impact on wheat output, with 20 to 80% loss annually. Growing rust-resistant varieties is the most durable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly way to combat rust pathogens. In the present review, we provide updated information on all black stem rust, yellow leaf rust, and brown leaf rust resistance genes including chromosomal position, those derived from different sources, nature of resistance type, and amino acid changes done by this gene against rust pathogen. This study summarized the 68 black stem rust, 101 leaf rust, and 108 stripe rust resistance genes from diverse cultivars of wheat and wheat primary and secondary gene pools. This review will be valuable to wheat breeders in cloning rust-resistant genes and developing leaf as well as stem rust-resistant wheat cultivars using gene pyramiding as well as frequency multiplication through introgression of the gene of interest for disease-free, sustainable grain production of wheat. The success of pyramiding genes from other sources to bread wheat depends on the nature of germplasm, the gap between flanking marker and targeted genes, the selection of genotypes in each generation, large number of gentoyes large genotype-environment interaction, etc., which is the future area of study.

“…Functional enrichment analysis shows that the fragment of introgression is enriched with genes encoding proteins involved in the response to auxin (GO:0009733), as well as transmembrane transport proteins for xenobiotics (GO:0006855) (Figure 9, Supplementary Table 25) . Auxin is critically required for various biological processes during plant growth and development, such as organogenesis, apical dominance, tropisms, elongation, division, and extension at the cellular level [28]. At the moment, 69 auxin response genes have been identified in bread wheat on all chromosomes, but its functions are not completely clear for each of them, however, more and more data are emerging on their participation in responses to various abiotic stresses [29].…”

Section: Chromosome 1amentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Low-Density SNP Array for Identification of Interspecific Introgressions of Genetic Material from the Bread Wheat into Homologous Chromosomes of the Durum Wheat

Ermolaev¹,

Yanovskij²,

Коробкова³

et al. 2022

Preprint

The hexaploid bread wheat Triticum aestivum L. (2n = 6x = 42) and the tetraploid durum wheat Triticum durum (2n = 4x = 28) are two commercially the most important wheat species worldwide. These two species are components of the same gene pool, which evolved under different conditions, which made it possible to acquire different adaptations to a wider range of environmental conditions. Identification and characterization of introgressed fragments of one species in the genome of another can help in the search for new loci responsible for economically valuable traits. SNP microarrays provide information on the genotypes of thousands of positions throughout the genome. This information can be used to obtain the distribution of alleles of one species in the genome of another and to determine the location of introgressed fragments. In our work, we used genotyping data from the SNP microarray to identify durum wheat chromosome fragments containing bread wheat alleles in the offspring from crossing bread and durum wheat. We have studied the distribution of the genetic material of bread wheat in 15 combinations from crosses of bread and durum wheat. Introgressed fragments of bread wheat into the durum wheat genome were identified on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 4A, 5B, 6B, and 7A. The introgressed fragments showed polymorphism in different breeding lines. A functional enrichment analysis of genes in the introgression fragments was performed, which showed the presence of statistically significant enrichment of genes responsible for various molecular functions, biological processes and cellular components. The obtained data can be used to identify new QTL of economically valuable traits for obtaining durum wheat varieties with improved agronomic traits.