The Bacteriostatic Action of Skatole on Gramnegative Enteric Bacilli

Tittsler, Ralph P.; Sandholzer, Leslie A.; Callahan, Edward T.

doi:10.1093/infdis/57.1.57

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…However, Dreizen and Spies (23) identified that the growth of L. acidophilus was completely restricted by 400 μ g/ml 3MI, but growth occurred when the 3MI concentration was decreased from 400 to 100 μ g/ml. In addition, Tittlser et al (24) demonstrated that the growth of 25 species of Gram-negative bacteria extracted from the intestinal tract was inhibited when the 3MI concentration was 330 μ g/ml. Furthermore, Kohda et al (12) identified that the growth of Clostridium was steady in 100–300 μ g/ml 3MI solution; however, the growth of certain clostridia was prevented in 50 μ g/ml 3MI solution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of 3-methylindole by lactic acid bacteria in vitro

Meng

et al. 2013

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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3-Methylindole (3MI) is a substance with an unpleasant odor that is found in intact male pigs and is known to negatively affect consumers of pork. The growth of four strains of lactic acid bacteria [Lactobacillus brevis 1.12 (L. brevis 1.12), L. plantarum 102, L. casei 6103 and L. plantarum ATCC8014] in incubation medium with 3MI was studied. The four strains were tested for their ability to remove 3MI from the medium. The growth of L. brevis 1.12 remained steady as the levels of 3MI increased 3MI from 0.2 to 1.0 μg/ml. The 3MI removal ability of L. brevis 1.12 was the strongest among the four strains, and the highest removal rate was 65.35±0.3% in 1 ml incubation medium containing 1.0 μg/ml 3MI for 120 h. Furthermore, the supernatant fluid of the fermentation broth of L. brevis 1.12 had a stronger ability to remove 3MI than cell pellets and cell extracts and the removal rate was 14.4±0.3% in 24 h. Further results indicate that the mode of removal of 3MI was not through the physical binding of cells by L. brevis 1.12.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of 3-methylindole by lactic acid bacteria in vitro

Meng

et al. 2013

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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“…The comparison of treatment effects of peroral and intracaecal 3MI application showed that faecal concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0.05) on the low 3MI dosage of 1 mg (kg BW) -1 compared with 5 and 10 mg (kg BW) -1 . This could be explained by the bacteriostatic action of 3MI (Tittsler et al 1935), and is expressed clearly in this experiment when administered in doses exceeding a certain threshold (i.e. 1 mg 3MI kg -1 BW).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

The effect of peroral and intracaecal 3-methylindole administration on the quantitative absorption to the portal vein in growing intact male pigs

Laue¹,

Hansen-Møller²,

Agergaard³

1998

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Laue, A., Hansen-Møller, J. and Agergaard, N. 1998. The effect of peroral and intracaecal 3-methylindole administration on the quantitative absorption to the portal vein in growing intact male pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 78: 69-79. This study intends to extend knowledge on the fate of intestinal 3-methylindole (3MI) in vivo as the substance is a key causative agent in the expression of boar taint in pig carcasses. Eleven multi-catheterized and caecum-fistulated intact male pigs were used to examine the effects of peroral and intracaecal challenges of 1, 5 and 10 mg 3-methylindole per kilogram body weight (BW) on the quantitative net absorption from specific sites of the alimentary canal (AC), measured as 3MI portal net appearance (PNA). Faeces were collected once a day while portal, hepatic and jugular vein as well as arterial blood were collected during the experiments lasting 300 min. Portal blood flow was recorded by ultrasonic blood flow probes. The BW of the pigs averaged 73 to 89 kg at the beginning and end of the experiments. All pigs on the untreated control treatment absorbed 3MI from the AC. Faecal 3MI concentrations did not differ between control and 3MI-treated pigs. On the other hand, an evident difference was observed in the PNA between the controls with an average of 11.2 mg 3MI (300 min) -1 and 3MI-treated animals varying from 23.9 to 308 mg 3MI (300 min) -1 . After application of 3MI, the net absorption from the AC to the portal blood plasma increased up to 147 times. Depending on the site of administration and the dosage application, plasma peak values of 3MI occurred within the first 30 min after the challenge. Within the doses of 1 to 10 mg 3MI (kg BW) -1 , no absorption plateau was to be reached. The observed rapid absorption of 3MI leads to the assumption that the mechanism is mainly by passive diffusion. Intravenous 3MI injections indicated diffusion from the blood circulation to the intestinal lumen. The site of administering exogenous 3MI was of less importance for the PNA than the dosage applied. This implies that the permeability for 3MI along the AC is identical, no matter where it is introduced. Results indicate a proportional relation between the 3MI dosage administered and the PNA. Finally, it was observed that a) pigs with high (pre-experimental) initial PNAs subsequently also absorbed more 3MI after challenges of additional 3MI, expressed as PNAs; and b) pigs with increasing BW exhibited higher PNAs, indicating a rise of 3MI absorption with advancing age. Le 3MI est la substance principale responsable de l'expression de l'odeur sexuelle dans les carcasses de porcs. Onze jeunes verrats entiers portant de multiples cathéters ainsi qu'une fistule caecale étaient utilisés pour examiner les effets d'injections tests de 1, 5 et de 10 mg de 3-méthylindole par kilo de poids corporel (PC) sur l'absorption quantitative nette dans différentes parties du tractus digestif (TD) mesurée d'après le taux d'apparition net de 3MI dans le plasma sanguin de la veine porte (ANP). Les fèces étaient prélev...

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“…More ambitious techniques have been devised with the intention not of screening cultures for further investigation but of permitting full biochemical identification into the various groups of Enterobacteriaceae (Silberstein and Rabinowitz, 1950 ;Colichon, 1953), but these techniques involve the use of complex media and are employed in such a manner as to make their use in a busy diagnostic laboratory questionable; nor do these methods give such complete information as the two composite media used in the present investigation. One great value of these latter media is the inclusion of a macroscopic motility test, the advantages of which compared with the hanging-drop method have been noted by Tittsler and Sandholzer (1936). The " storage-life " of these media in bulk in screw-cap containers is at least eight weeks at room temperature, and when tubed ready for use they keep for at least six weeks if stored in a refrigerator.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Evaluation of Two Composite Media for Preliminary Identification of Shigella and Salmonella

Gillies¹

1956

Journal of Clinical Pathology

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The Bacteriostatic Action of Skatole on Gramnegative Enteric Bacilli

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Removal of 3-methylindole by lactic acid bacteria in vitro

Removal of 3-methylindole by lactic acid bacteria in vitro

The effect of peroral and intracaecal 3-methylindole administration on the quantitative absorption to the portal vein in growing intact male pigs

An Evaluation of Two Composite Media for Preliminary Identification of Shigella and Salmonella

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