The ballistic performance of an ultra-high hardness armour steel: An experimental investigation

Ryan, Shannon; Li, H.; Edgerton, M. C.; Gallardy, Denver; Cimpoeru, Stephen J.

doi:10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2016.03.011

Cited by 51 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This work has been used both to improve armour protection and to enhance the performance of AP ammunition. Other studies also observed projectiles performance in high-hardness and titanium based armours penetration by experimental and numerical simulation works [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the importance of the bullet jacket during the penetration process: Reversed-ballistic experimental and numerical study

et al. 2020

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The behaviour of exposed and copper-jacketed 12.7 mm En8 steel cores impacting against 5 and 9 mm Armox Advance plates was investigated to determine the significance of the jacket during the penetration. The target plates were accelerated into stationary projectiles (a reversed-ballistic configuration) and the impact was monitored using a multi-channel flash X-ray system to gain insight into the interaction of the core target. Numerical simulations were also carried out to compare result with the experimental testing. Explicit numerical software LSDYNA was used to model the behaviour of the target and the projectile during the impact collision. Fragments of the core and target plate were collected post-shot for analysis. A similar penetration behaviour was observed for both plates, although the post-shot core was shorter after impacting against the 9 mm plate, consistent with enhanced erosion behaviour. The copper jacket protected the core, resulting in greater surface defeat and dwell compared to the unjacketed core. Numerical studies agreed on the cases of projectile impacting the 5 mm and 9 mm target. However, the target fracture cannot be captured. This could be caused by the input of material data and strain rate parameter modelling in LS-DYNA was limited, while the impact phenomenon was high velocity impact that the material exhibits a high-strain rate effect. Overall, the ductile jacket appeared to serve two functions: (1) absorbing reflected energy during impact, hence cushioning the impact and thereby preserving the core, and (2) constraining or confining the core. In this study, the steel core design and copper jacket has a more complex geometry compared to the simplified steel core designs often applied in several earlier ballistic studies.The captured flash X-rays revealed significantly less erosion in the jacketed cores, agreeing with the post-impact core length measurements.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the importance of the bullet jacket during the penetration process: Reversed-ballistic experimental and numerical study

et al. 2020

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“…Projectile behaviour after the impact on the armour is influenced by many factors. Two main factors are the armour material hardness and the projectile impact velocity [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Impact Velocity and Steel Armour Hardness on Breakage of Projectile 14.5 × 114 API/B32

Mikulíková

Řídký

Rolc

et al. 2018

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“…Ballistic testing by Showalter [5] highlighted the comparable performance of an IRHA and a HHA grade in defeating armour piecing ammunition. The performance of monolithic steel armour against this threat class has been observed to generally scale with material hardness [6]. While no specific explanation was given for the similar performance, Showalter commented that with negligible differences in ballistic protection, higher toughness and improved weldability, the IRHA grade would be better choice of armour material than the traditional HHA in a structural application [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High strain rate and high temperature response of two armour steels: Experimental testing and constitutive modelling

et al. 2018

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Under ballistic impact or blast loading, the high strain rate and high temperature behaviour of armour steels is key to their response to a given threat. This experimental and numerical investigation examines the tensile response of a class 4a improved rolled homogenous armour steel (IRHA) and a high hardness armour steel (HHA). Cylindrical tensile specimens were tested at a range of strain rates from 0.001 s-1 to 2700 s-1. Quasi-static, elevated temperature tests were performed from room temperature up to 300° C. While the HHA is strain rate insensitive, the IRHA displays a significant increase in strength across the range of loading rates reducing the ultimate strength difference between the materials from 19% at 0.001s-1 to 4.6% at 2700s-1. An inverse numerical modelling approach for constitutive model calibration is presented, which accurately captured the dynamic material behaviour. The modified Johnson-Cook strength and Cockcroft-Latham (C-L) fracture models were capable of predicting the ballistic limit of each material to within 5% of the experimental result and to within 10% for deformation under blast loading. The blast rupture threshold of both materials was significantly over-estimated by the C-L model suggesting stress state or strain rate effects may be reducing the ductility of armour steel under localised blast loading.

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The ballistic performance of an ultra-high hardness armour steel: An experimental investigation

Cited by 51 publications

References 5 publications

On the importance of the bullet jacket during the penetration process: Reversed-ballistic experimental and numerical study

On the importance of the bullet jacket during the penetration process: Reversed-ballistic experimental and numerical study

Influence of Impact Velocity and Steel Armour Hardness on Breakage of Projectile 14.5 × 114 API/B32

High strain rate and high temperature response of two armour steels: Experimental testing and constitutive modelling

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