The Barren Ground Grizzly Bear in Northern Canada

Harington, C. R.; Macpherson, A.H.; Kelsall, John P.

doi:10.14430/arctic3584

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Banfield (1974) places the eastern range of grizzly bears at Baker Lake, although their distribution originally extended to the Hudson Bay coast and as far east as Labrador (Elton, 1954;Harington et al, 1962;Spiess, 1976;Spiess and Cox, 1976;Schwartz et al, 2003;Loring and Spiess, 2007). Harington et al (1962) report extralimital sightings on Southampton Island, establishing that transient individuals at least occasionally venture here, and for this reason we included U. arctos horribilis among our species to be evaluated.…”

Section: Ursus Arctos Horribilis (Grizzly Bear)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a Pre-Contact Polar Bear Victim at Native Point, Southampton Island, Nunavut, Using 3D Technology and a Virtual Zooarchaeology Collection

Ryan¹,

Betts²,

Oliver-Lloyd³

et al. 2014

ARCTIC

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ABSTRACT. The skeletal remains of an adult Sadlermiut woman with obvious trauma to her cranial and post-cranial skeleton were excavated from Native Point (KkHh-1), Southampton Island, Nunavut, in 1954. In order to determine the possible cause of this damage, we first documented the skeletal injuries using traditional bioarchaeological techniques. We then created a three-dimensional model of the cranium and mandible to permit better visualization and analysis of the cranial lesions, some of which were obscured by post-depositional weathering. This model was imported into a virtual environment in order to compare the lesions with the craniodental structure of four Arctic carnivore species available as digital models through the Virtual Zooarchaeology of the Arctic Project (VZAP), an online comparative faunal collection. We eliminated all but the polar bear (Ursus maritimus) using this process, which suggested that an individual of this species was responsible for the skeletal trauma. We further identified a minimum number of "bites" on the cranium, some with overlapping lesions, which suggested a possible attack sequence. Use of a virtual environment and an online comparative collection were critical to this process and represent a new technique for evaluating past skeletal trauma and its causes.Key words: Sadlermiut, skeletal trauma, polar bear (Ursus maritimus), Virtual Zooarchaeology of the Arctic Project (VZAP), digital technology, virtual technology RÉSUMÉ. En 1954, lors de travaux archéologiques sur le site Native Point (KkHh-1), île Southampton, Nunavut, les restes du squelette d'une femme adulte de la culture Sadlermiut portant des signes évidents de traumatismes crânien et post-crânien avaient été excavés. Dans le but de déterminer les causes possibles de ces dommages, nous avons d'abord documenté les lésions squelettiques à l'aide de techniques bio-archéologiques traditionnelles. Ensuite, nous avons créé un modèle en trois dimensions du crâne et de la mandibule pour permettre de bien visualiser et analyser les lésions crâniennes, notamment parce que certaines d'entre elles étaient obscurcies par l'érosion post-dépositionnelle. Ce modèle a été importé dans un environnement virtuel afin de comparer les lésions à la structure cranio-dentaire de quatre espèces carnivores provenant de l'Arctique dont les modèles figurent déjà dans la collection ostéologique comparative en ligne du projet VZAP (Virtual Zooarchaeology of the Arctic Project). Nous avons ainsi éliminé tous les carnivores à l'exception de l'ours polaire (Ursus maritimus), laissant penser qu'un membre de cette espèce serait responsable des traumatismes du squelette de cette femme. Nous avons également identifié des morsures sur le crâne de cette femme, suggérant une possible séquence d'attaques, ne serait-ce que par la présence d'une série de lésions qui se chevauchent. L'utilisation d'un environnement virtuel et d'une collection comparative virtuelle a joué un rôle déterminant dans ce processus et représente une nouvelle technique pour évaluer les...

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Section: Ursus Arctos Horribilis (Grizzly Bear)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a Pre-Contact Polar Bear Victim at Native Point, Southampton Island, Nunavut, Using 3D Technology and a Virtual Zooarchaeology Collection

Ryan¹,

Betts²,

Oliver-Lloyd³

et al. 2014

ARCTIC

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“…In recent years people in Baker Lake have apparently been seeing more grizzlies locally than in times past although the species is well established west of there; a presence wellknown to Inuit and biologists (Harrington et al 1962). This geographic shift was a consistent theme brought up during interviews, meetings, and conversations with community members; many of whom related very specific details of their past observations of grizzlies.…”

Section: The Baker Lake Casementioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Co-Management and Grizzly Bear-Human Conflicts in Two Northern Canadian Aboriginal Communities

Clark

Slocombe

2011

Hum Ecol

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It has been postulated that the emergence of adaptive co-management can be driven by crises that transform social-ecological systems with low resilience. We compared two concurrent case studies of grizzly bearhuman conflicts in northern Canada to assess whether such crises could effect such transformations in bear-human systems. We conclude that they can, evaluate the outcomes, and identify conditions that may explain these observations. For remote communities, horizontal and vertical institutional connections are important for facilitating learning and the integration of information in wildlife management, yet they can be difficult to establish. Events in Baker Lake, Nunavut, showed that without such connections local peoples' substantial ecological knowledge may not be integrated effectively into decision processes. In the Inuvialuit Settlement Region the quota system for grizzly bear harvests has been able to successfully incorporate both scientific and traditional ecological knowledge, largely because of its cross-scale institutional network. The leadership provided by individual champions was also an important determinant of both case studies' outcomes.

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“…Black bears are at or near the northern edge of their range in Wapusk, in what Scheick and McCown (2014) consider secondary habitat (defined as lower quality habitat with no or only isolated breeding). Wapusk is at the southeastern edge of an apparent recent range expansion by grizzly bears in the Canadian Arctic and subarctic since the 1990s (Clark 2000;Doupé et al 2007;Rockwell et al 2008;Clark and Slocombe 2011;COSEWIC 2012), which may not have been the Arctic's first (Harington et al 1962) but appears novel for Manitoba. The source population for grizzlies in Wapusk is not known but is likely to have been from established populations in Nunavut as there are no known grizzly populations to the south or west (Clark 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel range overlap of three ursids in the Canadian subarctic

et al. 2019

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We describe for the first time in the peer-reviewed literature observations of American black bear (Ursus americanus Pallas, 1780), grizzly bear (Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758), and polar bear (Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774) at the same locations. Using remote cameras we documented 401 bear-visits of all three species at three camps in Wapusk National Park, Canada, from 2011–2017. These observations add to a growing body of evidence that grizzlies are undergoing a substantial range increase in northern Canada and the timing of our observations suggests denning locally. Polar and grizzly bears are of conservation concern regionally and internationally, so from the literature we assessed the potential effects on conservation efforts from interactions between these three species. In aggregate, those effects are likely to be positive for grizzlies and weakly negative for black and polar bears; further research is needed. Range overlap of these three species in this dynamic ecotonal region should not be viewed as a threat to any of them, but rather as an ecological response to environmental change that needs to be better understood.

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The Barren Ground Grizzly Bear in Northern Canada

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Identification of a Pre-Contact Polar Bear Victim at Native Point, Southampton Island, Nunavut, Using 3D Technology and a Virtual Zooarchaeology Collection

Identification of a Pre-Contact Polar Bear Victim at Native Point, Southampton Island, Nunavut, Using 3D Technology and a Virtual Zooarchaeology Collection

Adaptive Co-Management and Grizzly Bear-Human Conflicts in Two Northern Canadian Aboriginal Communities

Novel range overlap of three ursids in the Canadian subarctic

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