The Basic Calcium Phosphates and Related Systems. Some Theoretical and Practical Aspects.

Eisenberger, Sidney.; Lehrman, Alexander; Turner, William D.

doi:10.1021/cr60084a008

Cited by 59 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(168 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The mineral in the tibial trabeculae could well have been of more recent origin and therefore, in the rachitic group, precipitated from a solution with a higher Ca:P ratio. According to Eisenberger et al [38], apatites are solid solutions whose composition reflects that of the supernatant fluid. Thirdly, the surface area for exchange between mineral crystals and extracellular fluid would be expected to be greater in trabecular than in cortical bone.…”

Section: Bonementioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in bone mineral in experimentally induced rickets in the rat: Electron microprobe and chemical studies

et al. 1980

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary. The elemental composition of trabecular bone was compared for: (a) rats made rachitic on a low phosphorus, vitamin D-deficient diet; (b) rats fed the same diet but supplemented with vitamin D; (c) normal rats fed a standard laboratory diet with normal phosphorus and vitamin D levels.Quantitative energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis was performed on mineralized bone matrix at four sites: (1) clusters of mineral crystals in osteoid; (2) bone matrix adjacent to osteoid containing mineralization clusters: (3) peri-lacunar bone matrix; and (4) deep bone matrix distant from osteocytes. Estimations were also made of serum calcium, phosphorus, and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, and of calcium, phosphorus, and hydroxyproline in whole bone.At bone sites 2, 3, and 4, the mineral content was greater in the normal group than in the other two groups.At each site, the mineral content of the rachitic bone matrix was greater than that from the vitamin D-treated group.A normal pattern of increasing mineral content with distance into the bone from a recently mineralized border was found in the normal and vitamin Dtreated groups but was notably absent in the rachitic bones.Microprobe measurements of Ca:P molar ratios in hydroxyapatite standards and in normal rat bone were approximately 1.7. In both rachitic and vitamin D-treated bones, the Ca:P molar ratio was significantly higher than that in normal bones and correlated with serum Ca:P ratios.It is suggested that the increased Ca:P ratios in the rachitic and vitamin D-treated bones may be explained by an increased carbonate deposition.Senti ofl~n'int rcquc~t.s to D.W. Dempster at the above address.

show abstract

Section: Bonementioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in bone mineral in experimentally induced rickets in the rat: Electron microprobe and chemical studies

et al. 1980

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Nevertheless, that time this knowledge was not common yet, since, in 1935, a report was published that "Tricalcium phosphate monohydrate was prepared by the slow addition of calcium chloride solution to a constantly agitated alkaline solution of disodium phosphate, maintained at 65 ı to 70 ı C" [172]. This controversy was explained in 1940 by a matter of definitions [173]: "The terms "tricalcium phosphate" and "hydroxyapatite" are very widely and very loosely used. For example, some authors use the former for any precipitate more basic than dicalcium phosphate, although such precipitates have been frequently shown to have an apatite lattice or to be mixtures of dicalcium phosphate and an apatite.…”

Section: From 1900 Till 1950mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, in 1940, the available level of knowledge on basic calcium orthophosphates (TCP, TTCP, and apatites) was summarized into a big review [173], which might be considered as the first comprehensive review on the subject. That time, the existence of OA was uncertain.…”

Section: From 1900 Till 1950mentioning

confidence: 99%

History of Calcium Phosphates in Regenerative Medicine

Dorozhkin¹

2014

Springer Series in Biomaterials Science and Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The historical development of a scientific knowledge on calcium orthophosphates from the 1770s until 1950 is described. The chosen time scale starts with the earliest available studies of the 1770s (to the best of my findings, calcium orthophosphates had been unknown before), passes through the entire nineteenth century, and finishes in 1950, because since then the amount of publications on calcium orthophosphates rapidly increased and the subject became too broad. In addition, since publications of the second half of the twentieth century are easily accessible, the substantial amount of them has been already reviewed by other scientists. Many forgotten and poorly known historical facts and approaches have been extracted from the old publications. Then they have been analyzed, systematized, and reconsidered from the modern point of view. The reported historical findings clearly demonstrate that many famous scientists of the past contributed to calcium orthophosphate investigations. Furthermore, the significant quantity of the scientific facts and experimental approaches appears to have been known for very many decades, and, in fact, a good deal of the relatively recent investigations on the subject is just either a further development of the earlier studies or a rediscovery of the already forgotten knowledge. Keywords

show abstract

“…(F20H2C12) represents the general formula for the apatites, then X may be calcium, lead, manganese, potassium, strontium and cesium or in lesser amounts yttrium, lanthanum, titanium, iron, aluminum and magnesium; Z may be chromium, phosphorous, arsenic, vanadium, silicon, and carbon. Further evidence of the complex and variable nature of the apatites is obtained from the work of Eisenberger, Lehrman and Turner (9). In their critical review of the literature on the system P205-CaO-H20, to which enamel belongs, they have stated ".…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Various Ions on Enamel Solubility

Buonocore

Bibby

1945

J Dent Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Several reports in the literature indicate that the solubility of enamel in acids can be changed by the action of various ions. Miller (1) using silver nitrate was unable to show retardation in enamel decalcification. The research work of Rickert (2) contradicted this and led him to believe that increased resistance to decalcification of silver nitrate-treated enamel was due to the clogging of tooth substance with reduced silver which prevented the penetration of acids. Hill and Arnold (3) studied the effects of silver nitrate on powdered enamel and found that after treatment, the solubility of enamel was significantly reduced. Difference in enamel solubility in acetate and maleate buffers was attributed by Benedict and Kanthak (4) to the formation of calcium maleate which acted as a protective coating over the enamel particles. Volker (5) and Bibby (6) investigated the effect of fluorides on enamel and concluded that the fluorine ion produced marked reduction in solubility. Because little or no consideration has been given to the effects of other ions on the solubility of enamel, it seemed to us worthwhile to investigate the matter.The choice of the ions used in the experiments was determined by a consideration of the mechanisms whereby the phenomenon of reduced solubility might occur. In order to better understand these, an examination of the chemical nature of enamel is necessary. This will be limited to facts relevant to the adequate understanding of certain assumptions which are made in this paper.Tooth enamel is a crystalline substance showing a characteristic x-ray diffraction pattern. Moreover, this pattern is practically identical with that given by bone, dentin and certain synthetic or natural inorganic materials, such as fluorapatite. On the basis of these x-ray findings these substances have been included in the general class of apatites. It should be remembered that this apatite classification refers only to a particular atomic pattern or arrangement in the crystal lattice and not to any constancy of chemical composition. For instance, McConnell (7,8) has pointed out that a large number of substitutions are possible in the general apatite pattern. If X10(ZO4)6. (F20H2C12) represents the general formula for the apatites, then X may be calcium, lead, manganese, potassium, strontium and cesium or in lesser amounts yttrium, lanthanum, titanium, iron, aluminum and magnesium; Z may be chromium, phosphorous, arsenic, vanadium, silicon, and carbon. Further evidence of the complex and variable nature of the apatites is obtained from the work of Eisenberger, Lehrman and Turner (9). In their critical review of the literature on the system

show abstract

The Basic Calcium Phosphates and Related Systems. Some Theoretical and Practical Aspects.

Cited by 59 publications

References 81 publications

Changes in bone mineral in experimentally induced rickets in the rat: Electron microprobe and chemical studies

Changes in bone mineral in experimentally induced rickets in the rat: Electron microprobe and chemical studies

History of Calcium Phosphates in Regenerative Medicine

The Effects of Various Ions on Enamel Solubility

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About