The Beatles, the Nobel Prize, and CT Scanning of the Chest

Goodman, Lawrence R.

doi:10.1016/j.thorsurg.2009.12.001

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Computed tomography was developed in 1960s and early 1970s by Godfrey Hounsfield and Allan McLeod Cormack . The principle components of a CT scanner are an X‐ray source and a detector array.…”

Section: Ct Image Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Volume imaging was performed in a ‘step‐and‐shoot’ fashion such that a slice was acquired, the patient moved slightly further out of the scanner, another slice acquired and so on. Slices took about 7 min to acquire and image reconstruction took hours . Modern scanners have as many as 320 detector rows and scan in what is known as a helical fashion, that is, the source and the detector constantly rotate and the patient is constantly moved out of the scanner.…”

Section: Ct Image Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nanoparticle contrast agents for computed tomography: a focus on micelles

Cormode

Naha

Fayad

2014

Contrast Media & Molecular

307

234

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Computed tomography (CT) is an X-ray based whole body imaging technique that is widely used in medicine. Clinically approved contrast agents for CT are iodinated small molecules or barium suspensions. Over the past seven years there has been a great increase in the development of nanoparticles as CT contrast agents. Nanoparticles have several advantages over small molecule CT contrast agents, such as long blood-pool residence times, and the potential for cell tracking and targeted imaging applications. Furthermore, there is a need for novel CT contrast agents, due to the growing population of renally impaired patients and patients hypersensitive to iodinated contrast. Micelles and lipoproteins, a micelle-related class of nanoparticle, have notably been adapted as CT contrast agents. In this review we discuss the principles of CT image formation and the generation of CT contrast. We discuss the progress in developing non-targeted, targeted and cell tracking nanoparticle CT contrast agents. We feature agents based on micelles and used in conjunction with spectral CT. The large contrast agent doses needed will necessitate careful toxicology studies prior to clinical translation. However, the field has seen tremendous advances in the past decade and we expect many more advances to come in the next decade.

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Section: Ct Image Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ct Image Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticle contrast agents for computed tomography: a focus on micelles

Cormode

Naha

Fayad

2014

Contrast Media & Molecular

307

234

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Even the Beatles were associated with the fundraising effort, famously donating record sales at the time to the cause. 43 While improving the image of patients for clinicians by both MRI and CT technological advances, screening for PH by these methods is reliant upon pulmonary artery enlargement and right heart hypertrophy seen in later disease states. The techniques are useful for enhanced views of lung parenchymal disease, identifying potential pulmonary venous occlusive disease, and can clarify location and surgical accessibility of thromboembolisms in potential CTEPH patients.…”

Section: Current Ph Classificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The changing face of pulmonary hypertension diagnosis: a historical perspective on the influence of diagnostics and biomarkers

et al. 2020

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Pulmonary hypertension is a complex, multifactorial disease that results in right heart failure and premature death. Since the initial reports of pulmonary hypertension in the late 1800s, the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension has evolved with respect to its definition, screening tools, and diagnostic techniques. This historical perspective traces the earliest roots of pulmonary hypertension detection and diagnosis through to the current recommendations for classification. We highlight the diagnostic tools used in the past and present, and end with a focus on the future directions of early detection. Early detection of pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary arterial hypertension and the proper determination of etiology are vital for the early therapeutic intervention that can prolong life expectancy and improve quality of life. The search for a non-invasive screening tool for the identification and classification of pulmonary hypertension is ongoing, and we discuss the role of animal models of the disease in this search.

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“…Initially financed by money from Beatles' record sales, the first patient scan was performed in 1971. Only 8 years later, a Nobel Prize in Physics and Medicine was awarded to Gofrey Newbold Hounsfield and Allan McLeod Cormack for their discovery [4]. The prototype (EMI Ltd.) was installed at Atkinson Morley's Hospital in South London where the first patient, a middle aged lady with a suspected frontal lobe tumour, was scanned on 1st October 1971 [5].…”

Section: Computed Tomography -Ctmentioning

confidence: 99%