The behavior of viruses on disinfection by chlorine dioxide and other disinfectants in effluent

Abstract

A comparative study on the efficacy of chlorine dioxide, chlorine, ozone and peracetic acid in inactivating viruses was carried out against 6 viruses in a municipal sewage effluent. The viruses selected were bacteriophage f2 and poliovirus 1, which have been commonly used; also echovirus 1 and coxsackievirus B5 to extend the range of enteroviruses; and simian rotavirus (SA11) and human rotavirus, the latter being one of the most important enteric viral pathogens present in waste water. The results indicated a wide range in the response of these viruses to chlorine dioxide. Of the 3 enteroviruses tested, coxsackievirus B5 was the most resistant, with a dose of 17.25 ppm required for 99.99% inactivation in 5 min. In the case of the 2 rotaviruses tested, human rotavirus was distinctly more resistant than SA11. On the other hand, the other viruses tested responded differently to the other disinfectants. The most resistant virus on nearly all occasions under selected conditions was the human rotavirus; the least resistant virus was SA11. The enteroviruses, with phage, were somewhat similar in their response, although coxsackievirus B5 was usually the most resistant.

Inactivation of Enteric Adenovirus and Feline Calicivirus by Chlorine Dioxide

“…For chlorine disinfection in water, however, our group observed that AD40 was more resistant than FCV. These results support early recommendations regarding the cautious use of indicator viruses as models for disinfectant efficacy (21). Proper evaluation of disinfectant efficacy should include representative enteric viruses known or thought to occur in source water and under various conditions typical of source water.…”

“…Similar to the results observed in the current study, Shin and colleagues (41) reported that ClO 2 did not reduce poliovirus type 1, coliphage MS-2, and Norwalk virus as rapidly as free chlorine. Harakeh et al (21) observed varying susceptibilities of viruses to different disinfectants. Coliphage f2 was more resistant to chlorine but less resistant to ClO 2 than enteroviruses (coxsackievirus, echovirus, and poliovirus).…”

“…However, this strong oxidant is a useful and attractive alternative to chlorine for the advantages listed above and its reported increased ability to reduce pathogenic microorganisms in water. Previous studies have reported that ClO 2 effectively inactivates several viruses in water and sewage (14,21,39,43), but limited information is available concerning the reduction of caliciviruses and adenoviruses in drinking water.…”

Variability in Disinfection Resistance between Currently Circulating Enterovirus B Serotypes and Strains

“…Similarly, disinfection by monochloramine exhibited up to three-fold greater inactivation rates of serotypes coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) compared to CVB5, and more than 100-fold greater rates for serotypes echovirus 1 compared to echovirus 11 (E11) 9 . Finally, disinfection of wastewater effluent by chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) revealed that CVB5 was more resistant than echovirus 1 and PV 1 serotypes 11 . More surprisingly, differences were also observed among strains of the same poliovirus serotype 12,13 , revealing variability even among closely related viruses.…”

Avaliação da resistência de microrganismos patogênicos à desinfecção sequencial com ozônio-radiação ultravioleta e cloro-radiação ultravioleta

“…Portanto, o uso de desinfetantes combinados (usados sequencialmente ou simultaneamente) vem atender diretamente a essas necessidades (VESCHETTI et al, 2003, SARTORI & DANIEL, 2003, TYRRELL et al, 1995, HARAKEH, 1987.…”