“…To increase students' motivation to learn, educators must recognize their starting skills, provide learning experiences, and develop learning media, facilities, and environment. Educators can help students to develop positive attitudes toward the subjects (for example, mathematics), increase self-efficacy and self-concept, encourage them, and minimize fears in the classroom (Susanti & Syam, 2017;Hadi & Zaidah, 2021;Khotimah, Budi & Sumantri, 2019;Sholeh, Supena & Arifuddin, 2021). On the other hand, students need to increase their accuracy in understanding the contents of a text in question and improve their ability to solve numeracy and literacy problems (Nurjanah et al, 2022).…”