The behaviour of zirconium, hafnium and rare earth elements during the crystallisation of halite and other salt minerals

Rare earths, zirconium and hafnium distribution in coastal areas: The example of Sabella spallanzanii (Gmelin, 1791)

“…The extent of the anthropogenic contribution to the leached REE budget during the dissolution of atmospheric fallout in the site localities can be estimated in Fig. 7 by comparing the composition of the samples studied here with the distribution of La, Ce and Sm contents in lithogenic and anthropogenic solids (Moreno et al, 2008;Censi et al, 2011Censi et al, , 2017. The findings of Fig.…”

“…As a consequence, several geochemical studies have focussed on REE as tracers of particular environmental conditions Bau, 2011, 2013;Delgado et al, 2012;Censi et al, 2007Censi et al, , 2017. Despite this wide spectrum of research, only a few studies have investigated REE bioaccumulation in selected living organisms by analysing a limited number of REE concentrations in some organisms (Gonzalez et al, 2014 and references therein).…”

“…This coherence is absent during aqueous processes due to the different grades of Zr and Hf hydrolysis and dissolved complexation in natural waters (Aja et al, 1995;Veyland et al, 1998;Byrne, 2002;Hagfeldt et al, 2004;Messner et al, 2011a;2011b;Inguaggiato et al, 2015Inguaggiato et al, , 2016Censi et al, 2017). Aqueous environments usually make Hf more surface-reactive than Zr, which changes the associated Zr/Hf with respect to the range of values recognised in rocks and minerals and provides a useful signature of solid-liquid processes.…”

Anomalous Behavior of Zirconium and Hafnium in Volcanic Fumarolic Fluids

“…Zirconium and hafnium are twin refractory trace elements with chemical coherence during magma crystallization reflecting the same ionic charge and almost the same radius (Niu, 2012; Shannon, 1976). They have a constant ratio in chondrites (the more abundant meteorites) corresponding to the so‐called constant “chondritic” value of 36.6 ± 2.9 (Bau, 1996; Censi, Inguaggiato, et al., 2017; Censi et al., 2020; Jochum et al., 1986). Chondritic Zr/Hf values are often observed in pristine magmatic rocks.…”

Mobility of REE from a hyperacid brine to secondary minerals precipitated in a volcanic hydrothermal system: Kawah Ijen crater lake (Java, Indonesia)

“…The high demand for Rare Earth Elements (REE; lanthanides and yttrium) as a result of high technology applications has increased the interest in REE behavior in natural systems. In addition, the REE make useful tracers for geochemical processes and anthropogenic contamination (Bau and Dulski, 1996;Johannesson et al, 1997;Moreno et al, 2008;Emsbo et al, 2015;Varekamp, 2015;Inguaggiato et al, 2016Inguaggiato et al, , 2017Censi et al, 2017aCensi et al, , 2017bCensi et al, , 2017cCensi et al, , 2018Rillard et al, 2019).…”