The bending strength of tablets with a breaking line—Comparison of the results of an elastic and a “brittle cracking” finite element model with experimental findings.

Podczeck, Fridrun; Newton, JM; Fromme, Paul

doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.09.004

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Several methods have been developed to quantify the strength of bilayer tablets, such as the tensile, shear, and diametrical compression; three-point bending; and V-shaped punch-breaking tests [26][27][28][29]. The interfacial strength was further determined to estimate the strength of the MF/EG bilayer and trilayer tablets along with the compaction breaking force, as described in Section 2.2.…”

Section: Effect Of Pre-p On the Interfacial Strength Of Mf/eg Mltsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Compression Pressure on the First Layer Surface Roughness and Delamination of Metformin and Evogliptin Bilayer and Trilayer Tablets

Kim,

Kook,

Seo

et al. 2023

Pharmaceuticals

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The objectives of this study were to evaluate the delamination of convex-shaped metformin HCl (MF) and evogliptin tartrate (EG) multi-layer tablets depending on the pre-compression and main compression pressures and simultaneously correlate these results with those of a surface roughness analysis. Free-flowing MF and EG (median diameters of 38.3 and 44.7 μm, respectively) granules prepared using the wet granulation method were pre-compressed and subsequently compressed into bilayer and trilayer tablets using a universal testing machine. The compaction force required to break the tablets increased linearly as the main compression pressure increased (30–150 MPa). Conversely, the interfacial strength and compaction breaking force decreased as the pre-compression pressure increased (10–110 MPa). A surface roughness analysis employing a profilometer revealed that the first layer (MF) roughness drastically decreased from 5.89 to 0.51 μm (Ra, arithmetic average of profile height deviations from the mean line) as the pre-compression pressure increased from 10 to 150 MPa in the bilayer tablet. Accordingly, the decrease in the roughness of the first layer reduced the inter-penetration at the interface, as observed via energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS)-equipped scanning electron microscopy, decreasing the interfacial bonding strength and causing delamination of the MF/EG multi-layer tablets. These findings indicate the significance of roughness control in the actual preparation of multi-layer tablets and the usefulness of profilometer- and EDS-based surface analyses for interpreting the delamination of multi-layer tablets.

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Section: Effect Of Pre-p On the Interfacial Strength Of Mf/eg Mltsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Compression Pressure on the First Layer Surface Roughness and Delamination of Metformin and Evogliptin Bilayer and Trilayer Tablets

Kim,

Kook,

Seo

et al. 2023

Pharmaceuticals

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“…From these, 40% deal with the effect of tablet shape and studied crack propagation [ 89 , 90 , 92 , 93 ]. Two studies (4.4% of the total) deal with the stress/strain distribution during the 3-point bending test [ 94 , 95 ]. The rest of the studies deal specifically with failure mechanisms (15.6%) [ 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 ], friction (11.1%) [ 4 , 28 , 103 , 104 , 105 ], temperature evolution (6.7%) [ 106 , 107 , 108 ], and viscoelastic behavior (6.7%) [ 29 , 109 , 110 ].…”

Section: Application Of Fea Modelling For Pharmaceutical Tabletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stanley (2001) [ 114 ] emphasized the need to deeply understand the stress distribution induced in a loaded specimen in order to convert the breaking load into a strength value. Although FEA has also been employed for the study of stress distribution induced by other types of mechanical tests, e.g., three point bending [ 94 , 95 ] and axial crushing test [ 99 ], the diametral loading compression has become the established method in pharmaceutical technology, and, for this reason, from the studies listed in Table 1 , only those related to this test are discussed.…”

Section: Application Of Fea Modelling For Pharmaceutical Tabletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite Element Analysis and Modeling in Pharmaceutical Tableting

2022

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Finite element analysis (FEA) is a computational method providing numerical solutions and mathematical modeling of complex physical phenomena that evolve during compression tableting of pharmaceutical powders. Since the early 2000s, FEA has been utilized together with various constitutive material models in a quest for a deeper understanding and unraveling of the complex mechanisms that govern powder compression. The objective of the present review paper is to highlight the potential and feasibility of FEA for implementation in pharmaceutical tableting in order to elucidate important aspects of the process, namely: stress and density distributions, temperature evolution, effect of punch shape on tablet formation, effect of friction, and failure of the tablet under stress. The constitutive models and theoretical background governing the above aspects of tablet compression and tablet fracture under diametral loading are also presented. In the last sections, applications of FEA in pharmaceutical tableting are demonstrated by many examples that prove its utilization and point out further potential applications.

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“…This continuum elastic model has been used widely in the simulation of diametral compression, and the results obtained are reasonable. 15,19) The FEM was applied to estimate the principal stresses generated at the top and lateral surfaces and along the scored lines of the tablets. To avoid generating a singular point, the shape of the score tip was set to be a fillet surface.…”

Section: Gkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength Simulation of Scored Tablets Based on the Finite Element Method Using an Extreme Vertices Design

Hayashi

Okada

Takayama

et al. 2018

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

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The mechanical strain distribution of scored tablets was simulated using the finite element method (FEM). The score was fabricated as a triangular runnel with the pole on the top surface of flat tablets. The effect of diametral compression on the tablet surface strain was evaluated by changing the angle between the scored line and the diametral compression axis. Ten types of granules were prepared according to an extreme vertices design. Young's modulus and the Poisson ratio for the model powder bed were measured as elastic parameters. The FEM simulation was then applied to the scored tablets represented as a continuous elastic model. Strain distributions in the inner structure of the tablets were simulated after the application of external force. The maximum principal strain (ε) value was obtained with tablets containing a large amount of corn starch, in all scored line positions. In contrast, the ε value of the tablets containing a large amount of microcrystalline cellulose was minimal. The adequacy of the simulation was evaluated by experiments with scored tablets. The results indicated a fairly good agreement between the FEM simulation and experiments. Moreover, it was found that the ε value correlated negatively with the value of tablet hardness. These results suggest that the FEM simulation was advantageous for designing scored tablets.

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The bending strength of tablets with a breaking line—Comparison of the results of an elastic and a “brittle cracking” finite element model with experimental findings.

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

The Effect of Compression Pressure on the First Layer Surface Roughness and Delamination of Metformin and Evogliptin Bilayer and Trilayer Tablets

The Effect of Compression Pressure on the First Layer Surface Roughness and Delamination of Metformin and Evogliptin Bilayer and Trilayer Tablets

Finite Element Analysis and Modeling in Pharmaceutical Tableting

Strength Simulation of Scored Tablets Based on the Finite Element Method Using an Extreme Vertices Design

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