The Benefit of Object Interactions Arises in the Lateral Occipital Cortex Independent of Attentional Modulation from the Intraparietal Sulcus: A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study

Kim, Jiye G.; Biederman, Irving; Juan, Chi‐Hung

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.6450-10.2011

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Similar findings, of enhanced responses in the LOC to interacting objects, have been reported by Kim & Biederman [20]. In addition, Kim et al [21] used the procedure of Green & Hummel [15] (see §2a) while transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied to the LOC and to the posterior parietal cortex (PPC), a brain region implicated in the allocation of spatial attention (cf. [22]).…”

Section: Visual and Motor Componentssupporting

confidence: 64%

“…First, the results of Roberts & Humphreys [19] show that the differential neural response to pairs of interacting objects is unaffected by whether or not participants attend to the stimuli. Second, the data indicate that interfering with brain activity in the PPC (using TMS) does not disrupt the beneficial effects of interacting objects [21]. Extinction in patients is associated with damage to the PPC [23] and such patients remain sensitive to the effects of action relations between objects [11].…”

Section: Visual and Motor Componentsmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Attending to the possibilities of action

Humphreys

Kumar

Yoon

et al. 2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Actions taking place in the environment are critical for our survival. We review evidence on attention to action, drawing on sets of converging evidence from neuropsychological patients through to studies of the time course and neural locus of action-based cueing of attention in normal observers. We show that the presence of action relations between stimuli helps reduce visual extinction in patients with limited attention to the contralesional side of space, while the first saccades made by normal observers and early perceptual and attentional responses measured using electroencephalography/event-related potentials are modulated by preparation of action and by seeing objects being grasped correctly or incorrectly for action. With both normal observers and patients, there is evidence for two components to these effects based on both visual perceptual and motor-based responses. While the perceptual responses reflect factors such as the visual familiarity of the action-related information, the motor response component is determined by factors such as the alignment of the objects with the observer's effectors and not by the visual familiarity of the stimuli. In addition to this, we suggest that action relations between stimuli can be coded pre-attentively, in the absence of attention to the stimulus, and action relations cue perceptual and motor responses rapidly and automatically. At present, formal theories of visual attention are not set up to account for these action-related effects; we suggest ways that theories could be expected to enable action effects to be incorporated.

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Section: Visual and Motor Componentssupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Visual and Motor Componentsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Attending to the possibilities of action

Humphreys

Kumar

Yoon

et al. 2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…Previous work that tested for response differences as a function of action relations between objects (e.g., a hammer positioned to hit a nail) provided evidence for greater LO activity to interacting objects than to noninteracting objects (23,24). Patient and transcranial magnetic stimulation studies further showed that action relationships are processed independently of attentional influences from parietal cortex (25,26). Together with the absence of grouping effects in LO in the current study, these previous findings suggest a special status of object grouping based on action relations (26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Object grouping based on real-world regularities facilitates perception by reducing competitive interactions in visual cortex

Kaiser

Stein

Peelen

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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In virtually every real-life situation humans are confronted with complex and cluttered visual environments that contain a multitude of objects. Because of the limited capacity of the visual system, objects compete for neural representation and cognitive processing resources. Previous work has shown that such attentional competition is partly object based, such that competition among elements is reduced when these elements perceptually group into an object based on low-level cues. Here, using functional MRI (fMRI) and behavioral measures, we show that the attentional benefit of grouping extends to higher-level grouping based on the relative position of objects as experienced in the real world. An fMRI study designed to measure competitive interactions among objects in human visual cortex revealed reduced neural competition between objects when these were presented in commonly experienced configurations, such as a lamp above a table, relative to the same objects presented in other configurations. In behavioral visual search studies, we then related this reduced neural competition to improved target detection when distracter objects were shown in regular configurations. Control studies showed that low-level grouping could not account for these results. We interpret these findings as reflecting the grouping of objects based on higher-level spatialrelational knowledge acquired through a lifetime of seeing objects in specific configurations. This interobject grouping effectively reduces the number of objects that compete for representation and thereby contributes to the efficiency of real-world perception.object perception | visual regularity | biased competition | chunking | natural scenes

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“…Not only is there evidence that average activity in the LOC differentiates between meaningful and meaningless object interactions Roberts & Humphreys, 2010), but also that neural patterns in this region as examined using multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) capture the different types of object scenes (Baeck, Wagemans, & Op de Beeck, 2013). Additional data demonstrate that disrupting LOC's normal functioning by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) abolishes the interaction-based facilitation effect (Kim, Biederman, & Juan, 2011). In summary, these findings suggest that the grouping of objects into a conceptual unit modulates even basic mechanisms of object perception.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%