The benefits of 4th generation district heating in a 100% renewable energy system

Sorknæs, Peter; Østergaard, Poul Alberg; Thellufsen, Jakob Zinck; Lund, Henrik; Nielsen, Steffen; Djørup, Søren Roth; Sperling, Karl

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2020.119030

Cited by 92 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…such a change is the potential benefits of increased efficiencies of the future sources to replace the heat from the coal-fired power station [10].…”

Section: The Fourth-generation District Heating Context and The Vaars...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concept involves the development of an institutional and organizational framework to facilitate suitable cost and motivation structures. The 4GDH concept constitutes an essential framework understanding for the design of heating and cooling strategies and solutions, which fits well into a cost-efficient and technically viable implementation of the green transition [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fourth-Generation District Heating and Motivation Tariffs

Lund

Thorsen

Jensen³

et al. 2022

ASME Open Journal of Engineering

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Future district heating systems and technologies—also known as fourth-generation district heating—have a potentially important role to play in the green transition of societies. The implementation of fourth-generation district heating involves adjustments in the demand side to allow for low temperature supply. In order to facilitate such changes, district heating supply companies have in recent years introduced tariffs with penalties for high return temperatures and benefits for low return temperatures. This paper describes the case of a housing community of 17 buildings in their attempts to adjust to such tariffs as an integrated part of connecting to district heating. Replacing domestic hot water tanks with instantaneous heat exchangers and introducing smart meters resulted in abilities to lower the return temperature from around 40 °C to around 30 °C. However, the current design of the motivation tariffs does not yet fully compensate the consumers because the supply company provides unnecessarily high supply temperatures. Based on such efforts, this paper discusses the fairness and effectiveness of the tariffs and provides recommendations for improving them.

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“…such a change is the potential benefits of increased efficiencies of the future sources to replace the heat from the coal-fired power station [10].…”

Section: The Fourth-generation District Heating Context and The Vaars...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fourth-Generation District Heating and Motivation Tariffs

Lund

Thorsen

Jensen³

et al. 2022

ASME Open Journal of Engineering

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This transformation ensures the continued existence of DHNs in the future, as it aims for lower heat losses and allows the integration of low-temperature heat into DHNs, such as renewable-energy based heat sources or industrial excess heat. Sorknaes et al [4] demonstrated the economic and energetic effect from third to fourth generation transition by considering Aalborg Municipality, Denmark as a case study area. The cost of the energy system was reduced by about 3%, and total primary energy demand was reduced by 4.5%, which was achieved as a result of the better integration of industrial waste heat and heat pumps to DHNs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of a District Heating Substation as Part of a Low-Investment Optimization Strategy for District Heating Systems

2021

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In an ongoing project, low-investment measures for the optimization of district heating systems are analyzed. The optimization strategies are collected in a catalog, which is the core of a guideline. The application of this guideline is demonstrated using two concrete district heating networks as examples. In this study, the improvement of an analog controlled district heating substation by an electronic controller is investigated. High supply temperatures and heat losses are often a challenge in district heating networks. The district heating substations have a major influence on the network return temperatures. The comparison of the two substation setups with analog and electronic controllers is carried out by laboratory measurement. It can be shown that the return temperatures can be reduced by an average of 20 K in winter and transition, as well as 16 K in summer. The district heating network losses are calculated for one of both specific district heating networks. They are calculated from the ratio of network losses to generated energy. The generated energy is the sum of network losses and consumer demand. The thermal losses of the network can be reduced by 3%. The volume flow in the heating network can be reduced to a quarter. Therefore, the pumping energy requirement drops sharply since these changes cubically affect the volume flow.

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“…In many countries, there is a clear trend towards increasing variable renewable energy sources in the energy balance, primarily as an alternative to nuclear and coal energy. In particular, in the EU Northern countries, it is planned to completely abandon traditional energy sources by 2050 with the transition to renewable ones [1]. The spread of renewable sources is aimed to reduce gas, oil, coal consumption and to create more environmentally friendly installations [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compression heat pumps are foreseen to be promising future tools for district heating systems in EU countries. Low-grade heat sources for the pumps have been categorized as follows [1,3,4]:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of vertical geothermal heat exchanger with nanofluid for heat supply systems

2021

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Future district heating systems need to be more flexible and move towards a carbon-neutral generation. Compression heat pumps are foreseen to be promising future tools for district heating systems in EU countries. The paper presents the simulation data or a vertical double-pipe geothermal heat exchanger with ethylene glycol-Al2O3 as a working fluid. To simulate the operation of the heat exchanger, the STAR-CCM + CFD application was used. It has been determined the optimal volume particle concentrations of nanofluid and enhance of heat exchanger performance.

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The benefits of 4th generation district heating in a 100% renewable energy system

Cited by 92 publications

References 31 publications

Fourth-Generation District Heating and Motivation Tariffs

Fourth-Generation District Heating and Motivation Tariffs

Enhancement of a District Heating Substation as Part of a Low-Investment Optimization Strategy for District Heating Systems

Use of vertical geothermal heat exchanger with nanofluid for heat supply systems

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