“…Most of the existing ranking systems are criticized for several methodological shortcomings (Amsler & Bolsmann, 2012;Barron, 2017;Bougnol & Dulà, 2015;Çakır, Acartürk, Alaşehir, & Çilingir, 2015;Lynch, 2015). Among the main weaknesses mentioned, many say rankings are not robust enough, especially as far as validity of indicators, methodological soundness, transparency of sources of information and algorithms, reliability, and so on (Billaut, Bouyssou, & Vincke, 2009;Bonaccorsi & Cicero, 2016;Kroth & Daniel, 2008;Turner, 2013).…”