The Beta Titanium Alloys

Froes, F. H.; Bomberger, H. B.

doi:10.1007/bf03259693

Cited by 77 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Table I lists six aerospace beta titanium alloys in production, along with some background data. [1][2][3]5,9,24,[26][27][28][29] These are Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al, Ti-15V-3Al-3Sn-3Cr, Beta C, Beta 21S, Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr-0.5Fe (Ti-5553) (and its European variant, Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr-1Zr), and alloy C, and all of them are discussed below. Significant resources have been expended to design other, more cost-effective beta alloys, particularly Beta CEZ, Beta III (MoEq = 5.5), SP700, and Beta LCB.…”

Section: Development Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This treatment produces a fine dispersion of secondary alpha precipitates as the principal strengthening phase. 2 Interestingly, because the alpha/beta interface, and not the hcp alpha phase per se, provides the effective obstacle to dislocation motion (Orowan bypass mechanism), the alpha-toalpha interparticle spacing (d) may be utilized to estimate tensile yield strength, according to: 41 …”

Section: Heat Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An inaugural conference of the French Titanium Association was held on the topic in 1994. These conferences, and related sources, produced influential reviews [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] of beta alloys that continue to be of great utility. However, it has been some time since a general review was offered, and no follow-on symposium has been held since 2005.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 To address the limits associated with this definition, beta alloys are subdivided into solute-lean and solute-rich compositions, defining the former as those that formed athermal omega (x a ) during quenching and the latter as those that form thermal x on aging. Froes 2 and Bania 4 applied the same definition, and Bania correlated this boundary to a delineation of molybdenum equivalent (Mo-Eq) at about 10 wt.%, where:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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State of the Art in Beta Titanium Alloys for Airframe Applications

Cotton

Briggs

Boyer³

et al. 2015

JOM

342

140

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Beta titanium alloys were recognized as a distinct materials class in the 1950s, and following the introduction of Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al in the early 1960s, intensive research occurred for decades thereafter. By the 1980s, dozens of compositions had been explored and sufficient work had been accomplished to warrant the first major conference in 1983. Metallurgists of the time recognized beta alloys as highly versatile and capable of remarkable property development at much lower component weights than steels, coupled with excellent corrosion resistance. Although alloys such as Ti-15V-3Al-3Sn-3Cr, Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al and Ti-3AI-8V-6Cr-4Mo-4Zr (Beta C) were commercialized into well-known airframe systems by the 1980s, Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al was largely discarded following extensive employment on the SR-71 Blackbird. The 1990s saw the implementation of specialty beta alloys such as Beta 21S and Alloy C, in large part for their chemical and oxidation resistance. It was also predicted that by the 1990s, cost would be the major limitation on expansion into new applications. This turned out to be true and is part of the reason for some stagnation in commercialization of new such compositions over the past two decades, despite a good understanding of the relationships among chemistry, processing, and performance and some very attractive offerings. Since then, only a single additional metastable beta alloy, Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr-0.5Fe, has been commercialized in aerospace, although low volumes of other chemistries have found a place in the biomedical implant market. This article examines the evolution of this important class of materials and the current status in airframe applications. It speculates on challenges for expanding their use.

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Section: Development Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Heat Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

State of the Art in Beta Titanium Alloys for Airframe Applications

Cotton

Briggs

Boyer³

et al. 2015

JOM

342

140

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“…Alloys with β stabiliser content above are considered to be metastable. The alloying elements used in this investigation, Nb, Mo, Zr and Sn are all β stabilizing or neutral elements [20]. The stability of the alloy effects its ability to be able to precipitate out the secondary phase and thus its mechanical properties.…”

Section: -Titanium Alloy Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudoelastic Behaviour of the Ti Alloy

Denlay¹

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Biomedical alloys have long been used for medical and prosthetic applications. With an increase in medical science over recent decades and an ever-increasing proportion of the elderly, implanted devices are growing in popularity. During service, these alloys are subject to harsh environments. They need to be resistive to corrosion, not have any undesirable effects on the surrounding tissue, demonstrate low thermal expansion and be highly predictable in their properties across their service life. Applications where the implant is used to aid bone structure, such as in hip prostheses, also need to have moduli similar to bone in order to protect the patient from harmful stress-shielding effects. Due to the toxicity of commonly used biomedically alloys, such as the Ti-6Al-4V alloy, suitable alternatives are currently a strong point of research.This study investigates three variations of a β-Ti-Nb-Zr-Mo-Sn alloy and aimed to model the pseudoelastic effect under cyclic tensile loading in order to further understand the mechanical properties of these alloys. As well as this, a Python based data processing application has been developed in order to efficiently analyse cyclic data from the tensile testing and for subsequent testing in further investigations of similar loading styles.

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Atomization of Alloys

2024

Metallic Powders for Additive Manufacturing

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The Beta Titanium Alloys

Cited by 77 publications

References 23 publications

State of the Art in Beta Titanium Alloys for Airframe Applications

State of the Art in Beta Titanium Alloys for Airframe Applications

Pseudoelastic Behaviour of the Ti Alloy

Atomization of Alloys

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