Extant studies suggest implementing a business intelligence (BI) system is a costly, resource-intensive and complex undertaking. Literature draws attention to the critical success factors (CSFs) for implementation of BI systems. Leveraging case studies of seven large organizations and blending them with Yeoh and Koronios's (2010) BI CSFs framework, our empirical study gives evidence to support this notion of CSFs and provides better contextual understanding of the CSFs in BI implementation domain. Cross-case analysis suggests that organizational factors play the most crucial role in determining the success of a BI system implementation. Hence, BI stakeholders should prioritize on the organizational dimension ahead of other factors. Our findings allow BI stakeholders to holistically understand the CSFs and the associated contextual issues that impact on implementation of BI systems.
IntroductionThe successful implementation of information technology (IT) innovations remains both a theoretical and a managerial challenge. Many IT implementation projects have a high-risk profile (Harrington & Guimaraes, 2005;Kutsch, Denyer, Hall, & Lee-Kelley, 2013) and various IT innovations introduced by organizations are either rejected or underused by end users (Sharma & Yetton, 2003).Business intelligence (BI) technologies have recently received considerable attention from both industry and acareceived (Chen, Chiang, & Storey, 2012). In a worldwide survey of IT spending (Gartner, 2013b), BI-related technologies (still) ranked among the top technology priorities of many chief information officers, with global BI software spending expected to grow by 7% over the previous year (Gartner, 2013a). Such enthusiasm can be attributed to the rising importance of BI systems, which have regularly been viewed as "a broad category of technologies, applications, and processes for gathering, storing, accessing, and analyzing data to help its users make better decisions" (Wixom & Watson, 2010, p. 14). Yet implementing a BI system does not only entail the purchase of a combination of software and hardware; rather, it is a complex undertaking requiring appropriate infrastructure and resources over a lengthy period of time (Yeoh & Koronios, 2010). In fact, cases have previously been reported where large investments in various BI initiatives over lengthier periods resulted in little or no benefits for the organizations implementing them (Williams & Williams, 2007).Despite the vibrant BI market and the complexities surrounding the implementation of BI systems, the critical success factors (CSFs) of BI system implementation initiatives remain poorly understood. A typical BI system implementation involves multifaceted technological, organizational, and process issues, sharing similar characteristics with other intelligence system (IS) infrastructural projects like enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems implementation (Popovič, Hackney, Coelho, & Jaklič, 2012). Still, most existing CSF studies have focused on identifying lists of CSFs and little con...