The Binding of Hormones in Maternal and Fetal Biological Fluids

Pasqualini, Jörge R.; Kincl, Fred A.; Sumida, C.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-035720-1.50005-0

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 226 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Large amounts of estrogens in the form of estrone, estradiol, estriol and estetrol can be identified in the blood of pregnant women [10]. Estrone is found mainly as a sulfate, estradiol exists primarily (70-80%) in its unconjugated form and bound to sex hormone-binding globulin (only 0.5-1% is unbound), estriol is present mainly in conjugated form (5-10% is unconjugated) and estetrol exists only in the unconjugated form [10][11][12]. As with progesterone, the principal site of estrogen production during human pregnancy is the placenta [13][14][15].…”

Section: Estrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The human placenta also produces large amounts of estriol which increases progressively through pregnancy and by late gestation exceeds the production rates of estrone and estradiol [10,12]. This is reflected in the urinary excretion of these steroids whereby estrone and estradiol increase 100-fold during pregnancy, whereas that of estriol increases 1,000-fold and accounts for more that 90% of the estrogen in the urine of pregnant women [19,20].…”

Section: Estrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although quantitatively, estriol is the major estrogen produced by the human placenta, most of it (90-95%) is present in conjugated form in the maternal circulation and therefore is probably inactive. Consequently, despite its robust production rate compared with other estrogens, levels of unconjugated estriol in the maternal circulation at term are slightly less than estradiol and similar to estrone [1,12,21]. In fact, based on the levels of free steroid, estrogen target tissues late in pregnancy are likely to be exposed to similar amounts of estrone, estradiol and estriol.…”

Section: Estrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most species parturition is preceded by a sharp decline in circulating progesterone concentrations (progesterone withdrawal) caused either by luteolysis (e.g., rodent, canine, feline, caprine) or altered placental steroidogenesis (e.g., ovine, bovine) [12]. Concomitant with the fall in progesterone, most species also exhibit an abrupt prepartum increase in maternal estrogen levels.…”

Section: Changes In Estrogen and Progesterone Levels At Parturitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most species, maternal estrogen levels rise prior to delivery suggesting that estrogens are involved in the parturition process [12]. In humans this rise occurs gradually over the final weeks of pregnancy and is dependent on fetal adrenal steroidogenic activity.…”

Section: Estrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Roles of Estrogen and Progesterone in Human Parturition

Mesiano

2001

Frontiers of Hormone Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Estrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Estrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Estrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Changes In Estrogen and Progesterone Levels At Parturitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Estrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Roles of Estrogen and Progesterone in Human Parturition

Mesiano

2001

Frontiers of Hormone Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Effect of pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium in female rats during gestating and lactating on reproductive performance and the intestinal barrier functions in the progeny

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium (PQQ·Na2) supplementation on the reproductive performance and intestinal barrier functions of gestating and lactating female Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats and their offspring. Dietary supplementation with PQQ·Na2 increased the number of implanted embryos per litter during gestation and lactation at GD 20 and increased the number of viable fetuses per litter, and the weight of uterine horns with fetuses increased at 1 d of newborn. The mRNA expression levels of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx2), superoxide dismutase (SOD1), solute carrier family 2 member 1 (Slc2a1) and solute carrier family 2 member 3 (Slc2a3) in the placenta were increased with dietary PQQ·Na2 supplementation. Dietary supplementation with PQQ·Na2 in gestating and lactating rats increased the CAT, SOD and GPx activities of the jejunal mucosa of weaned rats on PD 21. Dietary supplementation with PQQ·Na2 in female rats affected the expression of tight junction proteins (claudin, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin) in the jejunal mucosa of their offspring by increasing the expression of ZO-1 mRNA in the expression of ZO-1 and claudin mRNA in the jejunal mucosa of weaned rats on PD 21. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with PQQ·Na2 in gestating and lactating female rats had positive effects on their reproductive performance and on the intestinal barrier of weaned rats.

show abstract

Dose, Timing, and Duration of Flaxseed Exposure Affect Reproductive Indices and Sex Hormone Levels in Rats

Tou

Chen

Thompson

1999

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Flaxseed ingestion produces large amounts of mammalian lignans. Since lignans have weak estrogenic/antiestrogenic properties, the objective of this study was to determine in rats whether exposure to 5% or 10% flaxseed affects sex hormone levels and reproductive indices when given at different developmental stages. Rats were exposed to either a basal diet (control), 5%, or 10% flaxseed diet starting at weaning on postnatal day (PND) 21 or continuously from gestation to PND 132 for lifetime exposure. Compared to the control, exposure to 5% or 10% flaxseed after weaning produced no marked reproductive effects, whereas lifetime flaxseed exposure caused significant changes that differed depending on the dose. In female rats, lifetime exposure to 5% flaxseed affected the reproductive tract as indicated by delayed puberty onset. In contrast, lifetime exposure to 10% flaxseed caused earlier puberty onset, higher relative ovarian weight, higher serum estradiol levels, and lengthened estrous cycles. In male rats, lifetime 10% flaxseed exposure raised serum testosterone and estradiol levels and produced higher relative sex organ weights and prostate cell proliferation. In contrast, lifetime exposure to 5% flaxseed reduced adult relative prostate weight and cell proliferation, suggesting potential protection against prostatic disease, although sex hormone levels were unaffected. In conclusion, flaxseed can potentially alter reproduction, depending on the dose and timing of exposure.

show abstract

The Binding of Hormones in Maternal and Fetal Biological Fluids

Cited by 5 publications

References 226 publications

Roles of Estrogen and Progesterone in Human Parturition

Roles of Estrogen and Progesterone in Human Parturition

Effect of pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium in female rats during gestating and lactating on reproductive performance and the intestinal barrier functions in the progeny

Dose, Timing, and Duration of Flaxseed Exposure Affect Reproductive Indices and Sex Hormone Levels in Rats

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About