The binding spectra of carp C3 isotypes against natural targets independent of the binding specificity of their thioester

Complement C5a acts as molecular adjuvant in fish by enhancing antibody response to soluble antigen

“…To assess whether a complement component is suitable to be an adjuvant, factors related to the complement component and the nature of antigen should be taken into account. Different isotypes of fish C3 may bind different antigens [45]. In mammals, C3d may either enhance the expected antibody response or suppress it depending on the nature of antigen [46].…”

Effects of resveratrol on growth, antioxidative status and immune response of snakehead fish ( Channa argus )

“…In this study, lysozyme activities in serum and tissues were significantly increased by feeding RES supplement diet. Moreover, complements play a key role in innate immune system for protecting fish against pathogen and maintaining the health of fish (Ichiki et al, 2012;Ming et al, 2019). Our data revealed that the levels of C3 and C4…”

Polyclonal anti- Candida antibody improves phagocytosis and overall outcome in zebrafish model of disseminated candidiasis

“…Thus, enhanced phagocytosis of Candida in the presence of anti- Candida antibodies may result from recognition by a combination of scavenger receptors, complement receptors, and/or antibody receptors. Similar to the mammalian situation, fish complement binds well to yeast (Ichiki et al, 2012). It is possible that opsonization with polyclonal antibodies enhances this complement deposition and phagocytosis.…”