The biochemical profiles of shell-diseased American lobsters, Homarus americanus Milne Edwards

Floreto, E. A. T.; Prince, Deanna L.; Brown, Paul B.; Bayer, Robert C.

doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(00)00350-1

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Levels of prophenoloxidase in lobsters are known to fluctuate in response to environmental changes and stress (Moullac & Haffner 2000) and they, together with the level of protein in the hemolymph, have been used as an indicator of lobster health (Chang, 1995;Floreto et al, 2000;Osbay & Riley 2002). Comparison of prophenoloxidase levels between 540 P. cygnus sampled in this study and a database of 119 P. cygnus lobsters (both wild caught and wild captive) has revealed that all but one of the test animals were within normal range for prophenoloxidase and similar to some of the larger wild caught lobsters (B. Jones, unpublished data).…”

Section: Lobster Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stocking density and shelter type for the optimal growth and survival of western rock lobster Panulirus cygnus (George)

et al. 2006

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The growth and survival of three size classes of wild caught western rock lobster, Panulirus cygnus (post-pueruli, mean 2.14 ± 0.07 g, 13.2 ± 0.1 mm CL; year one post-settlement juveniles, 57.1 ± 1.1 g, 38.7 ± 0.28 mm CL; and year two post settlement juveniles, mean 138.2 ± 2.26 g, 51.9 ± 0.25 mm CL) were examined at combinations of two stocking densities (post-pueruli: 50 and 100 m 30 40 -2 ; year one: 11 and 23 m -2 ; year two: 10 and 19 m -2 ) and two shelter types (a novel rigid plastic mesh shelter or bricks) over a period of 6 months. Survival of lobsters held at the lower densities (90% -95%) was significantly greater than for lobsters held at higher densities (post-pueruli 78%, year one 86%, year two 88%). Post-pueruli survival was significantly higher in tanks with mesh shelters (91.7%) than brick shelters (75.8%) with a similar trend exhibited by year 1 and 2 lobsters. Densities tested did not significantly affect lobster growth for any size class. Growth of post-pueruli was considerably higher in tanks with mesh shelters (641.7% weight gain; specific growth rate 1.07 BW day -1 ) (p<0.05) but there was no difference in the growth of year 1 and 2 lobsters between mesh and brick shelters. Feed intake (g pellet dry matter lobster -1 day -1 ) was not significantly different between densities. However, food conversion ratios (FCR) were significantly better for post-pueruli and year 2 lobsters held at lower densities (FCR of 1.9 and 2.3 respectively) and marginally better for year 1 lobsters held at lower densities (FCR 1.4). FCR was also significantly better for all size classes held in tanks with mesh shelters than brick shelters (p<0.05). This study has shown that P. cygnus is well suited for aquaculture based on the collection and ongrowing of wild caught pueruli, as this species exhibits good survival at high densities (up to 100 m -2 ) without adverse effects on growth, and shows no captivityrelated health problems. We recommend mesh shelters, with stocking densities of 50 m 50 -2 for post-pueruli and between 20 and 25 m -2 for year 1 and 2 juveniles, to maximise survival and production.

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Section: Lobster Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stocking density and shelter type for the optimal growth and survival of western rock lobster Panulirus cygnus (George)

et al. 2006

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“…This suggests that our lobsters may be representative of the LIS population, although our sample size was small (n = 13) and limited mostly to the central MeHg, unlike more lipophilic organic contaminants, does not concentrate in fatty tissues (Niimi 1983), and lipids comprise more than 40% of American lobster hepatopancreas by weight (Floreto et al 2000). In addition, the hepatopancreas may be a site of detoxification for Hg, as it is for other heavy metals (Ahearn et al 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioaccumulation and Trophic Transfer of Methylmercury in Long Island Sound

Hammerschmidt

Fitzgerald

2006

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

215

160

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Abstract. Humans are exposed to methylmercury (MeHg) principally by consumption of marine fish. The coastal zone supports the majority of marine fish production, and may therefore be an important source of MeHg to humans; however, little is known about the bioaccumulation or MeHg in near-shore marine ecosystems. We examined MeHg in microseston, zooplankton, a decapod crustacean and four representative species of finfish that differ in trophic status and/or prey selection in Long Island Sound (LIS), a large coastal embayment in the northeastern UnitedStates. MeHg biomagnifies in LIS; levels in microseston were 10 4.2 greater than those in water and 2.3-fold less than zooplankton. MeHg concentrations were related positively to fish length for each species, but often varied considerably among larger individuals. This may be due to differences in the past dietary MeHg exposure of these fish, some of which are migratory.Sedimentary production and mobilization can account for most of the MeHg in microseston of LIS, and by extension, other near-shore locations. Hence, much of the MeHg in higher trophic levels of coastal marine ecosystems, including fishes destined for human consumption, may be attributed to net sedimentary production and dietary bioaccumulation. 3Accumulation of toxic methylmercury (MeHg) in aquatic food webs is the primary human health concern related to mercury in the environment. Humans are exposed to MeHg principally by the consumption of fish and fish products (Fitzgerald and Clarkson 1991), and some fish levels may pose a threat to public health. Indeed, transfer of MeHg from a maternal seafood diet to prenatal life stages can inhibit the neurological and cardiovascular development of children (e.g., Grandjean et al. 1997;Sorensen et al. 1999). Additionally, MeHg may adversely affect the cardiovascular health of adults who eat fish (Salonen et al. 1995). Most of the fish consumed by humans is of marine origin (U.S. EPA 2002), and the coastal zone supports 50−75% of marine fish productivity (Ryther 1969). Thus, bioaccumulation and biomagnification of MeHg in near-shore marine ecosystems are critical processes affecting the exposure of humans who consume fish. Yet, compared to freshwater environments, there is a paucity of knowledge concerning the biogeochemistry and bioaccumulation of MeHg in biologically productive coastal marine systems.Most MeHg in coastal marine systems results from the bacterial methylation of inorganic mercury (Hg) in sediments. Near-shore sediments are not only a repository for natural and anthropogenically derived inorganic Hg (e.g., Balcom et al. 2004), but host active communities of sulfate reducing bacteria, the major functional group of organisms mediating the transformation of inorganic Hg to MeHg (Compeau and Bartha 1985). Recent studies haveshown the biogeochemical combination of inorganic Hg and sulfate-reducing bacteria in near-shore deposits results in considerable production and mobilization of MeHg to overlying water (e.g., Gill et al. 1999;. 4In Long Island So...

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“…These results imply either that no relationship between exclusive fish consumption and ESD susceptibility exists or that lobsters are consuming a heterogeneous diet of sufficient quality to maintain health. The latter explanation is most likely, as Prince et al (1995) and Tlusty et al (2008) showed direct associations between fish consumption and increased CSDs, while the findings of Stewart et al (1967), Sindermann (1991), Floreto et al (2000a), Tlusty et al (2007), Theriault et al (2008), Myers & Tlusty (2009) and Comeau & Benhalima (2009) all link physiological consequences of 100% fish diets to potential mechanisms for or indicators of increased ESD susceptibility. In addition, studies quantifying the diet of wild lobsters in commercially exploited areas found no lobster diets comprised of > 80% fish (Steneck 1987, Hanson 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…All forms of lobster SD are related to cuticle creation, repair, and loss, which are influenced by fitness (Sindermann 1991, see Tlusty et al 2007 for detailed explanation). The effects of SD contribute to increased mortality by reducing external defenses against predation and tissue laceration, diminishing foraging ability, inhibiting a proper molt, and reducing growth per molt (Floreto et al 2000a, Stevens 2009). Lobsters with notable or severe SD cannot be sold live; although the tissue is untainted, their unappetizing appearance results in a loss of profit for fishermen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bait and the susceptibility of American lobsters Homarus americanus to epizootic shell disease

Bethoney¹,

Stokesbury²,

Stevens³

et al. 2011

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Shell disease (SD) has been observed in lobster populations for almost a hundred years, but recently, rates of an epizootic form of shell disease (ESD) have increased in the southern New England (USA) area. A large proportion of fish in the diet of American lobsters Homarus americanus has been linked to increased rates of SD. Therefore, the use of fish as lobster bait may be linked to increased ESD rates in lobsters. Lobsters from the western portion of Martha's Vineyard, MA (41°N, 71°W), were randomly divided into 3 groups of 16 and exposed to dietary treatments (100% herring; 48% crab, 48% blue mussel and 4% plant matter; or 50% herring, 24% crab, 24% mussel, 2% plant matter) to determine if lobster tissue δ

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The biochemical profiles of shell-diseased American lobsters, Homarus americanus Milne Edwards

Cited by 30 publications

References 19 publications

Stocking density and shelter type for the optimal growth and survival of western rock lobster Panulirus cygnus (George)

Stocking density and shelter type for the optimal growth and survival of western rock lobster Panulirus cygnus (George)

Bioaccumulation and Trophic Transfer of Methylmercury in Long Island Sound

Bait and the susceptibility of American lobsters Homarus americanus to epizootic shell disease

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