The Biodiversity of the Colombian Páramo and Its Relation to Anthropogenic Impact

Churio, Jesús Orlando Rangel

doi:10.1201/9781420002874.ch8

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Apart from the straightforward interpretations of these large pollen data sets, numerical data analysis may help provide answers to otherwise intractable questions (e.g., Felde et al, 2016). The idea of how knowledge of the past can help us to conserve the future is pivotal in current societally relevant research (Nogué et al, 2017;Rangel-Churio, 2006;Willis & Birks, 2006;Willis & MacDonald, 2011;Willis et al, 2007aWillis et al, . 2007aWillis et al, , 2007bWillis et al, , 2010aWillis et al, , 2010b.…”

Section: Discussion Conclusion and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chapter 2

Hooghiemstra¹,

Flantua²

2019

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We provide an overview of environmental and climatic change in Colombia during the Quaternary, the last ca. 2.58 million years (Ma) before present. This period is characterised by a suite of glacial-interglacial cycles which are remarkably well documented in Colombian sediments. The distribution of Colombia's main ecosystems has changed repeatedly driven by orbital forcing at 21, 41, and 100 ky frequencies which were superimposed by millennial-scale (ca. 2.5 ky) climate oscillations. Fossil pollen records have detected biome dynamics through time but records vary in length: the shortest comes from the Chocó rainforest (extending back to ca. 7 thousand years before present, ka) and dry inter-Andean forest (ca. 12 ka), followed by the savannas of the Llanos Orientales (ca. 20 ka), the Amazonian rainforests (ca. 40 ka), and lower montane forest (ca. 40 ka). The longest records are from the deep sedimentary basins Bogotá (Funza09, last 2.25 Ma) and Fúquene (last 284 ka), alternatingly located in the upper montane forest and páramo during interglacial and glacial conditions, respectively. Climate change caused shifting biome distributions: mainly latitudinally in the lowlands and elevationally in the mountains. Extrinsic drivers (e.g., mean annual precipitation, length of dry season, atmospheric pCO 2 , mean annual temperature, freezing days) of migration and changes in vegetation composition and intrinsic drivers (such as interspecies competition and legacy effects) are still insufficiently understood, and thus hamper meaningful projections of the effect of future environmental change on biomes. Multi-site Pleistocene and Holocene information has been spatially synthesised by developing the Latin American Pollen Database. Multi-site information has been analysed by the biomisation method to serve palaeodata-model comparisons and projections about the future of biomes in Colombia. A new method in which pollen-based palaeo-reconstructions are spatially analysed with digital elevation models improved our understanding of spatial and elevational shifts of ecotones, for example the upper forest line, in the northern Andes. In the Supplementary Information we highlight the strengths and weaknesses in current Quaternary palaeoecological research and provide suggestions for future research.

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Section: Discussion Conclusion and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chapter 2

Hooghiemstra¹,

Flantua²

2019

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“…La relevancia económica de las plantaciones de café ha fomentado el establecimiento de plantaciones bajo manejo intensificado (es decir, cultivadas al sol) disminuyendo los cultivos de café de sombra debido a sus menores rendimientos (Perfecto et al, 2009). La conversión de tierras en zonas de mayor altitud ha puesto en peligro los pastizales de altura (Páramos) de Colombia, donde casi el 60% se ha convertido a ganadería y cultivos de patata (Rangel, 2006). Tanto la urbanización como las plantaciones tienen efectos adversos sobre la diversidad (Arenas-Clavijo & Armbrecht, 2018;Méndez-Rojas, López-García, et al, 2021;Salomão et al, 2019;Villada-Bedoya et al, 2017), sin embargo, aún hay poca información sobre cómo estas perturbaciones en los Andes tropicales han impactado a las comunidades de carábidos, estafilínicods y escarabajos estercoleros.…”

Section: Temas De Investigación Y Tipos De Hábitats Estudiados En Los...unclassified

Conocimiento de las comunidades de escarabajos que habitan el suelo en los Andes tropicales: Lagunas y tendencias

López‐Bedoya,

Magura,

Méndez‐Rojas

et al. 2023

Austral Ecology

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ResumenLos Andes tropicales son una de las ecorregiones más biodiversas de la Tierra, con altos niveles de endemismo de especies. Los Andes tropicales son también una de las ecorregiones más vulnerables del mundo debido a una larga historia de transformaciones antropogénicas. Uno de los principales obstáculos para generar planes de conservación son las lagunas en el conocimiento sobre el estado y las amenazas de muchos grupos de la biodiversidad andina, especialmente los invertebrados. Centrándonos en tres importantes grupos de escarabajos (Coleoptera: carábidos, estafilínidos y escarabajos estercoleros) de los Andes tropicales, realizamos una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica recuperando 50 estudios que nos permitieron evaluar el grado de conocimiento en la región, los tipos de perturbación y las métricas de biodiversidad utilizadas. Encontramos una alta representación de estudios en Colombia, en comparación con otros países andinos. También encontramos un marcado sesgo entre los grupos taxonómicos, los temas o las métricas evaluadas, siendo los escarabajos estercoleros el grupo más representado, especialmente en los estudios que abordan la conversión de los bosques utilizando métricas como la riqueza de especies o la abundancia. Revelamos grandes lagunas en la información sobre la diversidad de los escarabajos del suelo y de los roedores, y en el uso de otras métricas de diversidad. La falta de información en todos los países dificulta la generalización de los resultados y resalta la necesidad de más investigación, especialmente en países poco representados como Bolivia y Venezuela. La inclusión de métricas de respuesta complementarias, como la biomasa, la diversidad funcional o las funciones ecológicas, mejorará la evaluación de los impactos humanos en las comunidades de escarabajos andinos tropicales y en ecosistemas más amplios.

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“…Especially in times of water scarcity during dry seasons, the steady supply of water from the surrounding mountains with its widespread Páramo contributes substantially to quality of living in the Sabana de Bogotá. However, Páramo functioning and performance capacity also depend on the existence of High-Andean forests (Bosque Altoandino) and shrublands (Matorrales), which serve as a protection buffer downslope [60]. Unfortunately, montane forests are also highly endangered by conversion [61][62][63] and so the Andes represent one of the regions in Colombia with highest probabilities of land cover change [64].…”

Section: Geographic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Land Cover Change in Peri-Urban High Andean Environments South of Bogotá, Colombia

Anselm

Brokamp

Schütt

2018

Land

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Bogotá, the rapidly growing center of an emerging economy in the northern part of South America, is located within a biodiversity hotspot in the tropical Andes. The surrounding mountains harbor the ecosystems Páramo and Bosque Altoandino whose high water retention capacity serves as a "natural water tower" for the city's freshwater supply. Since Bogotá is steadily growing, the city spreads into its peri-urban area, thus threatening its proximal ecosystems. In this study, the land use and land cover change (LULCC) of Bogotá's surrounding area is analyzed with random forest algorithms for the period 1989 to 2016. The basin of the Rio Tunjuelo, a subbasin of the Rio Bogotá, was selected for analysis, as it is typical for the entire area in terms of relief, land use and land cover. A multiple logistic regression analysis is applied to identify different determining factors of the changes. LULCC analysis of the Rio Tunjuelo basin shows an ongoing but abating southward spread of Bogotá's outer rim, an increase of agricultural land, and decrease of natural vegetation. After an initial heavily spatial spread of urbanization in the early 1990s, the speed of urban spread declined in the past years. Statistical analysis implies that the defined natural vegetation classes must be considered as one spatial entity. The probability for their change increases with decreasing distance to established agricultural areas, which indicates human impact as a relevant factor for LULCC. Generally, the explained deviance (D 2) is low and hence it is presumed that the LULCC determining factors are not predominantly found among environmental parameters.

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The Biodiversity of the Colombian Páramo and Its Relation to Anthropogenic Impact

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Chapter 2

Chapter 2

Conocimiento de las comunidades de escarabajos que habitan el suelo en los Andes tropicales: Lagunas y tendencias

Assessment of Land Cover Change in Peri-Urban High Andean Environments South of Bogotá, Colombia

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