The Biological and Structural Similarity between Lunularic Acid and Abscisic Acid

Yoshikawa, Hiromichi; Ichiki, Yayoi; Sakakibara, Keiko; Tamura, Hiroto; Suiko, Masahito

doi:10.1271/bbb.66.840

Cited by 28 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…We previously reported that the induction of a-amylase by 5ϫ10 Ϫ8 M GA 3 was inhibited by 1.1ϫ10 Ϫ5 M and 3.3ϫ10 Ϫ5 M of ABA application by 98% and 100%, respectively, using the Somogyi-Nelson method. 5) These results were almost the same as in this experiment. Consequently, it can be deemed that the new method has almost equal detectability as that of the Somogyi-Nelson method.…”

Section: ϫ7supporting

confidence: 84%

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An environmentally acceptable method for assaying the inhibition of .ALPHA.-amylase induction

et al. 2007

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A facile a-amylase induction inhibition assay method was investigated. Induced a-amylase was determined using a microplate filled with a gel containing rice starch and Gellan gum. Embryoless barley seeds were incubated with GA 3 (10 Ϫ7 M) and appropriate ABA. Diluted incubation fluid was dispensed to the wells and the change of absorbance was measured. Induced a-amylase was calculated from the change of the absorbance. The results were almost equal to those of the Somogyi-Nelson method. As noxious wastewater containing heavy metal ions does not occur in this experiment, this method can be an environmentally acceptable assay method for ABA analogs. © Pesticide Science Society of JapanKeywords: a-amylase quantification, gibberellic acid, abscisic acid, a-amylase induction inhibition assay. IntroductionWhen barley seeds germinate, gibberellic acid (GA 3 ), first synthesized in the embryo, is transported to the aleurone layer and induces a-amylase biosynthesis in the aleurone layer. This process is specifically inhibited by plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA). 1) This inhibition of a-amylase biosynthesis occurs at the transcription stage and the inhibition of a-amylase mRNA synthesis is recognized as a specific activity of ABA.2) This inhibition of a-amylase induction is used as a specific bioassay method for ABA and its analogs.3) The Somogyi-Nelson method has been widely used to evaluate the amount of induced a-amylase by measuring the quantity of reducing sugars in the culture fluid. 4,5) Although the method has excellent sensitivity for reducing sugars, wastewater including arsenic and copper compounds arises in the experimental procedure. 6)In 1998, Satoyama et al. reported a convenient method for measuring a-amylase activity. The principle of this method is based on the turbidity change caused by the hydrolysis of precipitated starch by added a-amylase. 7,8) This method seems valid for our purpose since it enables us to deal with many samples automatically and to exclude the use of toxic metal salts. We tried to apply this method for the a-amylase induction assay. In this paper, we will discuss the improved a-amylase measuring method and its application in the research of ABA analogs. Materials and Methods Materials and reagentsGibberellic acid (GA 3 ) and (S)-abscisic acid were obtained from Kyowa Hakko Co. Ltd. and the barley seeds (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Ichibanboshi) were from Kumamoto Prefectural Agricultural Research Center. All other reagents and solvents were from Wako Pure Chem. Industries (Osaka). Preparation of the substrate plate Preparation of the substrate plate solidified with agarThe substrate plate solidified with agar was prepared as follows: rice starch (1.5 g) and agar (1.5 g) were dissolved in 100 ml of citrate buffer (0.1 M, pH 6.0) in a boiling water bath until the suspension became a clear solution. The hot solution was dispensed into the wells of the microplate, which was left at room temperature until the solution solidified. The absorbance of each well at 620 nm was measured using a mi...

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Section: ϫ7supporting

confidence: 84%

“…4,5) Although the method has excellent sensitivity for reducing sugars, wastewater including arsenic and copper compounds arises in the experimental procedure. 6) In 1998, Satoyama et al reported a convenient method for measuring a-amylase activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An environmentally acceptable method for assaying the inhibition of .ALPHA.-amylase induction

et al. 2007

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“…LNA inhibited growth of gemmae of liverworts and germinating seeds of both monocot and dicot species Nakayama et al 1996). In addition, LNA inhibited GAinduced a-amylase production in the embryoless seeds of barley (Yoshikawa et al 2002). LNA was found to be distributed in a wide variety of liverwort species and various classes of algae, but it was not detected in mosses or most pteridophytes and angiosperms (Pryce 1972).…”

Section: Bryophytes and Abamentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This confusion was due to (1) unsuccessful detection of endogenous ABA in liverwort species (Pryce 1971;Weiler 1979) and (2) the fact that liverworts accumulate a substantial amount of lunularic acid (LNA) (Valio et al 1969;Yoshikawa et al 2002). LNA was first identified from Lunularia cruciata as a growth inhibitory substance that accumulates in association with its photoperioddependent dormancy (Valio et al 1969).…”

Section: Bryophytes and Abamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results indicated that some liverwort species possess endogenous ABA. A potential problem for these measurements was cross-reactivity of the antibodies against ABA with LNA (Yoshikawa et al 2002). However, Li et al (1994) conducted direct measurements of endogenous ABA in M. polymorpha and showed that its thalli contain 4-16 ng of ABA per gram fresh weight, comparable to the levels in angiosperms.…”

Section: Bryophytes and Abamentioning

confidence: 99%

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ABA in bryophytes: how a universal growth regulator in life became a plant hormone?

2011

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Abscisic acid (ABA) is not a plant-specific compound but one found in organisms across kingdoms from bacteria to animals, suggesting that it is a ubiquitous and versatile substance that can modulate physiological functions of various organisms. Recent studies have shown that plants developed an elegant system for ABA sensing and early signal transduction mechanisms to modulate responses to environmental stresses for survival in terrestrial conditions. ABA-induced increase in stress tolerance has been reported not only in vascular plants but also in non-vascular bryophytes. Since bryophytes are the key group of organisms in the context of plant evolution, clarification of their ABA-dependent processes is important for understanding evolutionary adaptation of land plants. Molecular approaches using Physcomitrella patens have revealed that ABA plays a role in dehydration stress tolerance in mosses, which comprise a major group of bryophytes. Furthermore, we recently reported that signaling machinery for ABA responses is also conserved in liverworts, representing the most basal members of extant land plant lineage. Conservation of the mechanism for ABA sensing and responses in angiosperms and basal land plants suggests that acquisition of this mechanism for stress tolerance in vegetative tissues was one of the critical evolutionary events for adaptation to the land. This review describes the role of ABA in basal land plants as well as non-land plant organisms and further elaborates on recent progress in molecular studies of model bryophytes by comparative and functional genomic approaches.

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Conservation and Divergence Between Bryophytes and Angiosperms in the Biosynthesis and Regulation of Flavonoid Production

Davies

Jibran

Albert

et al. 2021

Recent Advances in Polyphenol Research

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The Biological and Structural Similarity between Lunularic Acid and Abscisic Acid

Cited by 28 publications

References 3 publications

An environmentally acceptable method for assaying the inhibition of .ALPHA.-amylase induction

An environmentally acceptable method for assaying the inhibition of .ALPHA.-amylase induction

ABA in bryophytes: how a universal growth regulator in life became a plant hormone?

Conservation and Divergence Between Bryophytes and Angiosperms in the Biosynthesis and Regulation of Flavonoid Production

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