The Biological Species Concept and Its Evolutionary Structure

Löve, Áskell

doi:10.2307/1216308

Cited by 91 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The emphasis may also have been an overreaction to work in the 1930s and early 1940s that was quick to assign the moniker of autopolyploidy on the basis of morphological similarity, rather than detailed consideration of parentage and cytogenetic issues [1,15 -17,20,77 -79]. It is interesting that European researchers, including Arne Mü ntzing, C. D. Darlington and Á skell Lö ve, maintained that auto-and allopolyploidy were both common and important in plants [21,44,100,101] yet proved less influential than Stebbins in the emerging biosystematics era. By the mid-1950s, views on polyploid origins had profoundly changed from that of the previous 30 years, and the dominant role of allopolyploidy would remain largely unquestioned until nearly the end of the twentieth century.…”

Section: The Cytogenetics Era (1930s-1960s)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concepts of 'intraspecific polyploidy' and 'chromosome race' were applied by some authors to polyploids appearing to arise within a diploid species, where species boundaries are defined on the basis of morphological variation (taxonomic species concept, sensu Arthur Cronquist [117]) [26,108,109,113,118]. The most probable explanation for intraspecific polyploids is autopolyploidy, but such instances could represent allopolyploidy involving (i) sibling species that lack clear morphological boundaries, and thus are not taxonomically recognized; or (ii) morphologically divergent species with structural chromosomal similarities, so that allopolyploids segregate for parental traits and come to resemble one progenitor species more than the other [101,103,119,120]. Intraspecific polyploidy and chromosome race are neutral concepts that speak primarily to the appearance of polyploids and to their taxonomic treatment, hence avoiding the minefields associated with formal cytogenetic classification [9].…”

Section: Polyploidy In Plant Taxonomy (A) the Biosystematics Era (195mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A dichotomy thus developed in the taxonomic treatment of polyploids [26,101,109,119,120]. Allopolyploids were thought to be common in nature and evolutionarily successful, and moreover to possess a phenotypic intermediacy to diploid progenitors that facilitated practical identification in the field.…”

Section: Polyploidy In Plant Taxonomy (A) the Biosystematics Era (195mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…can one consider an autotetraploid population and its diploid progenitor as biological species or sibling species' (p. 269), while Walter Lewis [9] (who studied chromosome races in Claytonia and Houstonia) warned 'anyone planning wholesale naming of cytotypes ought to reconsider this approach before flooding the taxonomic literature with impractical names' (p. 135). One dissenting voice was Askell Löve [101], who argued for recognition of both auto-and allopolyploids on what he saw as a reasonable application of the biological species concept.…”

Section: Polyploidy In Plant Taxonomy (A) the Biosystematics Era (195mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecological studies of polyploidy in the 100 years following its discovery

Ramsey

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

249

237

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Polyploidy is a mutation with profound phenotypic consequences and thus hypothesized to have transformative effects in plant ecology. This is most often considered in the context of geographical and environmental distributions—as achieved from divergence of physiological and life-history traits—but may also include species interactions and biological invasion. This paper presents a historical overview of hypotheses and empirical data regarding the ecology of polyploids. Early researchers of polyploidy (1910s–1930s) were geneticists by training but nonetheless savvy to its phenotypic effects, and speculated on the importance of genome duplication to adaptation and crop improvement. Cytogenetic studies in the 1930s–1950s indicated that polyploids are larger (sturdier foliage, thicker stems and taller stature) than diploids while cytogeographic surveys suggested that polyploids and diploids have allopatric or parapatric distributions. Although autopolyploidy was initially regarded as common, influential writings by North American botanists in the 1940s and 1950s argued for the principle role of allopolyploidy; according to this view, genome duplication was significant for providing a broader canvas for hybridization rather than for its phenotypic effects per se . The emphasis on allopolyploidy had a chilling effect on nascent ecological work, in part due to taxonomic challenges posed by interspecific hybridization. Nonetheless, biosystematic efforts over the next few decades (1950s–1970s) laid the foundation for ecological research by documenting cytotype distributions and identifying phenotypic correlates of polyploidy. Rigorous investigation of polyploid ecology was achieved in the 1980s and 1990s by population biologists who leveraged flow cytometry for comparative work in autopolyploid complexes. These efforts revealed multi-faceted ecological and phenotypic differences, some of which may be direct consequences of genome duplication. Several classical hypotheses about the ecology of polyploids remain untested, however, and allopolyploidy—regarded by most botanists as the primary mode of genome duplication—is largely unstudied in an ecological context.

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Section: The Cytogenetics Era (1930s-1960s)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Polyploidy In Plant Taxonomy (A) the Biosystematics Era (195mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Polyploidy In Plant Taxonomy (A) the Biosystematics Era (195mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Polyploidy In Plant Taxonomy (A) the Biosystematics Era (195mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Ecological studies of polyploidy in the 100 years following its discovery

Ramsey

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

249

237

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“…In such cases it is difficult to pin down to any varietal level, and they form real complex. Sub species, varieties, demes etc., are genetically open population systems with at least a potential ability for effective interbreeding that will remove their distinctive identity by mixing whenever they can hybridize freely (Love 1964 It is, therefore, evident that S. indicum is a complex species with several variants distinct with respect to cytological as well as morphological characters. How ever, their classification into different ranks as a subspecies or a variety would need more intensive studies involving their breeding behaviour to know the possibility for gene exchange.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotaxonomy of <i>Solanum indicum</i> Complex

Krishnappa

Chennaveeraiah

1975

CYTOLOGIA

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An in‐depth investigation of cryptic taxonomic diversity in the rare endemic mustard Draba maguirei

Windham

Picard

Pryer

2023

American J of Botany

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Premise: Previously published evidence suggests that Draba maguirei, a mustard endemic to a few localities in the Bear River, Wellsville, and Wasatch Mountains of northern Utah, may represent a cryptic species complex rather than a single species. Conservation concerns prompted an in-depth systematic study of this taxon and its putative relatives. Methods: Sampling most known populations of D. maguirei s.l. (D. maguirei var. maguirei and D. maguirei var. burkei), we integrate data from geography, ecology, morphology, cytogenetics and pollen, enzyme electrophoresis, and the phylogenetic analysis of nuclear internal transcribed spacer sequences to explore potential taxonomic diversity in the species complex. Results: Draba maguirei var. burkei is shown here to be a distinct species (D. burkei) most closely related to D. globosa, rather than to D. maguirei. Within D. maguirei s.s., the northern (high elevation) and southern (low elevation) population clusters are genetically isolated and morphologically distinguishable, leading to the recognition here of the southern taxon as D. maguirei subsp. stonei. Conclusions: Our study reveals that plants traditionally assigned to D. maguirei comprise three genetically divergent lineages (D. burkei and two newly recognized subspecies of D. maguirei), each exhibiting a different chromosome number and occupying a discrete portion of the geographic range. Although previously overlooked and underappreciated taxonomically, the three taxa are morphologically recognizable based on the distribution and types of trichomes present on the leaves, stems, and fruit. Our clarification of the diversity and distribution of these taxa provides an improved framework for conservation efforts.

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The Biological Species Concept and Its Evolutionary Structure

Cited by 91 publications

References 27 publications

Ecological studies of polyploidy in the 100 years following its discovery

Ecological studies of polyploidy in the 100 years following its discovery

Cytotaxonomy of <i>Solanum indicum</i> Complex

An in‐depth investigation of cryptic taxonomic diversity in the rare endemic mustard Draba maguirei

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