The biology of African feather grass (<i>Pennisetum macrourum</i> Trin.) in Tasmania, II. Rhizome biology

Harradine, AR

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1980.tb00064.x

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Dessication reduced sprouting ability to some extent but 39% of buds still sprouted after six weeks of drying. Similar results have been seen in experiments with other rhizomatous grasses, such as Agropyron repens (Turner 1968) and Pennisetum macrourum (Harradine 1980) where successful emergence and establishment decreased with planting depth and increased with size of the fragment. It is likely that larger segments are able to sustain buds in a dormant condition for longer periods of time and that once growing is initiated by the dominant bud, heterotrophic growth (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

The reproductive biology of Saccharum spontaneum L.: implications for management of this invasive weed in Panama

Bonnett

Kushner²,

Saltonstall³

2014

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Saccharum spontaneum L. is an invasive grass that has spread extensively in disturbed areas throughout the Panama Canal watershed (PCW), where it has created a fire hazard and inhibited reforestation efforts. Currently physical removal of aboveground biomass is the primary means of controlling this weed, which is largely ineffective and does little to inhibit spread of the species. Little is known about reproduction of this species, although it is both rhizomatous and produces abundant seed. Here we report a series of studies looking at some of the basic reproductive mechanisms and strategies utilised by S. spontaneum to provide information to support development of better targeted management strategies.We found that seed produced between September and November was germinable both in the lab and in situ. Genetic diversity of mature stands was assessed using microsatellite markers and found to be high, even at small scales. Studies of vegetative reproduction showed that buds on stems that had been dried for up to six weeks were still capable of sprouting. Separate experiments showed that stem fragments could sprout when left on the surface or buried shallowly and that larger pieces sprouted more readily than smaller pieces.Collectively these results demonstrate that S. spontaneum in the PCW has the capability to produce many propagules that can successfully recruit and it is likely that seed dispersal drives the spread of the species. Timing of management actions to reduce flowering would significantly reduce the seed load into the environment and help to prevent spread to new sites. Similarly, where biomass is cut, cutting stems into smaller pieces will allow the stems to dry out and reduce the ability of buds to sprout. Additionally, attention should be paid to prevent accidental transport to new sites on machinery.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

The reproductive biology of Saccharum spontaneum L.: implications for management of this invasive weed in Panama

Bonnett

Kushner²,

Saltonstall³

2014

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“…However, the findings also show that increasing the number of nodes and particularly increasing from rhizome fragments with one or two nodes to full crowns, increases the chance of successful regeneration. This is similar to Pennisetum macrourum, an African perennial grass (Harradine, 1980) and Equisetum arvense (Marshall, 1986;Husby, 2013) which can regenerate from one node, showing that other rhizomatous species follow similar patterns in which regeneration can occur from a single node. Additionally, Alshallash & Hatcher (2020) identified the presence of rhizome tissue as key to regeneration in two Rumex species.…”

Section: Nodessupporting

confidence: 54%

Regeneration and growth in crowns and rhizome fragments of Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica) and desiccation as a potential control strategy

Lawson

Fennell

Smith

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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Reynoutria japonica (Japanese knotweed) is a problematic invasive plant found in many areas of Europe and North America. Notably, in the UK, the species can cause issues with mortgage acquisition. Control of R. japonica is complicated by its ability to regenerate from small fragments of plant material; however, there remains uncertainty about how much (in terms of mass) rhizome is required for successful regeneration. This study investigated the ability of crowns and rhizomes with different numbers of nodes to regenerate successfully from three sites in the north of England, UK. Two of the sites had been subject to herbicide treatment for two years prior to sampling and the third site had no history of herbicide treatment. No significant differences were observed in regenerated stem diameter, maximum height of stem and maximum growth increments among crowns. All traits measured from the planted crowns were significantly greater than those of the planted rhizome fragments and at least one node was necessary for successful regeneration of rhizomes. The smallest initial fragment weight to regenerate and survive the experiment was 0.5 g. Subjecting all plant material to desiccation for 38 days resulted in no regrowth (emergence or regeneration) after replanting. These findings suggest that desiccation could be a valuable management strategy for small to medium scale infestations common in urban settings.

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“…The within-year changes in the concentration of reserves can vary between a minimum of 100 and maximum of 300~o (Mooney & Billings 1960;Fonda & Bliss 1966;Leakey et al 1977;Fiala 1978, Harradine 1980, Harris & Davy 1986). In the case of buried fragments of R. alpinus rhizomes, which were completely dependent in their growth upon the last-year reserves for several months, the carbohydrate content decreased 10-fold if the reserves could not be restored.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regeneration capacity and carbohydrate reserves in a clonal plant Rumex alpinus: effect of burial

1993

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The morphological and anatomical responses to different depths of burial were examined in Rumex alpinus (Polygonaceae), a perennial plant with monopodial, horizontally growing rhizome. Its segments, which consist of 12-20 internodes, 1 to 2 mm in length each, are products of single growing seasons. The rhizomes regenerated from 5, 10 and 20 cm, but failed to emerge from 30 cm. Number of internodes produced during a growing season was not affected by burial but the length of internodes increased up to about 30-fold. The rhizomes growing up to the surface were subsidized by older rhizome segments. In the case of deeply buried rhizomes the carbohydrate reserves of the last-year-segment were nearly completely depleted. Evolutionary significance of the regeneration capacity is discussed.

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The biology of African feather grass (Pennisetum macrourum Trin.) in Tasmania, II. Rhizome biology

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

The reproductive biology of Saccharum spontaneum L.: implications for management of this invasive weed in Panama

The reproductive biology of Saccharum spontaneum L.: implications for management of this invasive weed in Panama

Regeneration and growth in crowns and rhizome fragments of Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica) and desiccation as a potential control strategy

Regeneration capacity and carbohydrate reserves in a clonal plant Rumex alpinus: effect of burial

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