THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 64. Datura stramonium L.

Weaver, Susan E.; Warwick, S. I.

doi:10.4141/cjps84-132

Cited by 59 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…It typically grows in disturbed and agricultural habitats in Mexico, Canada, and the United States [25]–[27]. Due to its wide distribution, D. stramonium is exposed to a wide variety of herbivores and diverse environmental conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection Mosaic Exerted by Specialist and Generalist Herbivores on Chemical and Physical Defense of Datura stramonium

et al. 2014

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Selection exerted by herbivores is a major force driving the evolution of plant defensive characters such as leaf trichomes or secondary metabolites. However, plant defense expression is highly variable among populations and identifying the sources of this variation remains a major challenge. Plant populations are often distributed across broad geographic ranges and are exposed to different herbivore communities, ranging from generalists (that feed on diverse plant species) to specialists (that feed on a restricted group of plants). We studied eight populations of the plant Datura stramonium usually eaten by specialist or generalist herbivores, in order to examine whether the pattern of phenotypic selection on secondary compounds (atropine and scopolamine) and a physical defense (trichome density) can explain geographic variation in these traits. Following co-evolutionary theory, we evaluated whether a more derived alkaloid (scopolamine) confers higher fitness benefits than its precursor (atropine), and whether this effect differs between specialist and generalist herbivores. Our results showed consistent directional selection in almost all populations and herbivores to reduce the concentration of atropine. The most derived alkaloid (scopolamine) was favored in only one of the populations, which is dominated by a generalist herbivore. In general, the patterns of selection support the existence of a selection mosaic and accounts for the positive correlation observed between atropine concentration and plant damage by herbivores recorded in previous studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection Mosaic Exerted by Specialist and Generalist Herbivores on Chemical and Physical Defense of Datura stramonium

et al. 2014

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“…Weaver & Warwick (1984) reported that jimsonweed seeds may remain viable for 39 years in the soil, whereas Toole & Brown (1946) similarly reported 91% of jimsonweed emergence after 38 years, thus confirming the persistence of this weed species. Presumably in the current investigation, soil disturbance re-distributed jimsonweed seeds from the initial 10 cm burial depth closer to the soil surface resulting in this 6 tional soil cultivation using reduced tillage implements and under similar climatic and soil conditions, he/she should expect a minimum of 75% emergence of barnyardgrass and 26% emergence of jimsonweed (i.e.…”

Section: Factorsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Emergence dynamics of barnyardgrass and jimsonweed from two depths when switching from conventional to reduced and no-till conditions

Vasileiadis

Froud-Williams

Loddo

et al. 2016

Span. j. agric. res.

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A cylinder experiment was conducted in northern Greece during 2005 and 2006 to assess emergence dynamics of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.) and jimsonweed (Datura stramonium L.) in the case of a switch from conventional to conservation tillage systems (CT). Emergence was surveyed from two burial depths (5 and 10 cm) and with simulation of reduced tillage (i.e. by soil disturbance) and no-till conditions. Barnyardgrass emergence was significantly affected by burial depth, having greater emergence from 5 cm depth (96%) although even 78% of seedlings emerged from 10 cm depth after the two years of study. Emergence of barnyardgrass was stable across years from the different depths and tillage regimes. Jimsonweed seeds showed lower germination than barnyardgrass during the study period, whereas its emergence was significantly affected by soil disturbance having 41% compared to 28% without disturbance. A burial depth x soil disturbance interaction was also determined, which showed higher emergence from 10 cm depth with soil disturbance. Jimsonweed was found to have significantly higher emergence from 10 cm depth with soil disturbance in Year 2. Seasonal emergence timing of barnyardgrass did not vary between the different burial depth and soil disturbance regimes, as it started in April and lasted until end of May in both years. Jimsonweed showed a bimodal pattern, with first emergence starting end of April until mid-May and the second ranging from mid-June to mid-August from 10 cm burial depth and from mid-July to mid-August from 5 cm depth, irrespective of soil disturbance in both cases.

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“…Moreover, because the ability to activate secondary meristems for regrowth is absent, compensation for foliar damage can only be accomplished increasing the total leaf area, leaf longevity, and/or the metabolic activity of remaining photosynthetic tissues (Fornoni & Núñez‐Farfán, 2000). As D. stramonium is a colonizing annual weed characterized by high rates of growth (Weaver & Warwick, 1984; Benner & Bazzaz, 1987), we focused on increase in total leaf area as a putative trait related to compensation of herbivory damage (van der Meijden et al ., 1988; Rosenthal & Kotanen, 1994; Strauss & Agrawal, 1999; Stowe et al ., 2000). Provided previous field studies found significant phenotypic differences among populations in levels of resistance to herbivory (Valverde et al ., 2001), this study addressed the following questions: (1) Are differences in resistance among populations in the field maintained under the same herbivory regime in a common garden?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary ecology of Datura stramonium: equal plant fitness benefits of growth and resistance against herbivory

Valverde

Fornoni

Núñez‐Farfán

2003

Journal of Evolutionary Biology

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This study evaluated how natural selection act upon two proposed alternatives of defence (growth and resistance) against natural enemies in a common garden experiment using genetic material (full-sibs) from three populations of the annual plant Datura stramonium. Genetic and phenotypic correlations were used to search for a negative association between both alternatives of defence. Finally, the presence ⁄ absence of natural enemies was manipulated to evaluate the selective value of growth as a response against herbivory. Results indicated the presence of genetic variation for growth and resistance (1 -relative damage), whereas only population differentiation for resistance was detected. No correlation between growth and resistance was detected either at the phenotypic or the genetic level. Selection analysis revealed the presence of equal fitness benefits of growth and resistance among populations. The presence ⁄ absence of natural herbivores revealed that herbivory did not alter the pattern of selection on growth. The results indicate that both strategies of defence can evolve simultaneously within populations of D. stramonium.

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THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 64. Datura stramonium L.

Cited by 59 publications

References 22 publications

Selection Mosaic Exerted by Specialist and Generalist Herbivores on Chemical and Physical Defense of Datura stramonium

Selection Mosaic Exerted by Specialist and Generalist Herbivores on Chemical and Physical Defense of Datura stramonium

Emergence dynamics of barnyardgrass and jimsonweed from two depths when switching from conventional to reduced and no-till conditions

Evolutionary ecology of Datura stramonium: equal plant fitness benefits of growth and resistance against herbivory

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