The Biology of Taurine in Nutrition and Development

Sturman, John A.; Hayes, K. C.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-4448-4_9

Cited by 138 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 151 publications

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“…During the chemical hypoxic insult, 10.1 mosmol/l equivalents of taurine leave the control cell, whereas only 2.5 mosmol/l equivalents of taurine leave the ␤-Alanine-treated cell. It is known that the taurine-deficient cell has a propensity to retain cellular taurine (27). Therefore, the taurinedeficient cell might limit the amount of taurine that is lost at the expense of other osmolytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial effect of taurine depletion on osmotic sodium and calcium loading during chemical hypoxia

Schaffer

Solodushko

Kakhniashvili

2002

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

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Cellular sodium excess is cytotoxic because it increases both the intracellular osmotic load and intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i). Because sodium levels rise during hypoxia, it is thought to contribute to hypoxic injury. Thus the present study tested the hypothesis that taurine-linked reductions in [Na+]i reduce hypoxia-induced cell injury. Taurine depletion was achieved by exposing isolated neonatal cardiomyocytes to medium containing the taurine analog β-Alanine. As predicted, the β-Alanine-treated cell exhibited less hypoxia-induced necrosis and apoptosis than the control, as evidenced by less swelling, shrinkage, TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining, and accumulation of trypan blue. After 1 h of chemical hypoxia, [Na+]i was 3.5-fold greater in the control than the taurine-deficient cell. Although more taurine was lost from the control cell than from the β-Alanine-treated cell during hypoxia, the combined taurine and sodium osmotic load was lower in the β-Alanine-treated cell. Taurine deficiency also reduced the degree of hypoxia-induced calcium overload. Thus the observed resistance against hypoxia-induced necrosis and apoptosis is probably related to an improvement in sodium and calcium handling.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial effect of taurine depletion on osmotic sodium and calcium loading during chemical hypoxia

Schaffer

Solodushko

Kakhniashvili

2002

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

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“…Apart from its role in the conjugation and subsequent excretion of secondary bile acids, taurine appears to play an important role in the structural and functional integrity of cell membranes, especially those of the retina and central nervous system (Sturman & Hayes, 1980;Wright et al 1986). This protective role may be in part asserted by (Wright et al 1986).…”

Section: Non-protein Nitrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nutritive and metabolic advantages of homologous milk

Casey

1989

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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“…It can be synthesized by mature liver and other tissues from methionine and cysteine and, therefore, is not an essential nutrient in adults. However, the human fetus and newborn have inadequate taurine synthesis to meet their needs (5). Therefore, there is a requirement for maternal-fetal transfer during pregnancy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sheep and guinea pig placenta seem not to transfer taurine (22,23). However, Sturman and coworkers (5,24) have demonstrated transfer of taurine in the rat and primate by injecting the mother with [35S]-taurine and recovering it in the fetal tissue. Stegink et al (25) have demonstrated that primate placentae not only transfer taurine from the maternal to the fetal circulation, but also achieve and maintain a fetal/maternal taurine ratio of 1.…”

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confidence: 99%

Taurine Transport in the in Vitro Perfused Human Placenta

et al. 1990

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ABSTRACT. Taurine, required by the fetus for nutrition and neurological development, is inadequately synthesized by the fetus and substantial quantities of the amino acid are supplied by the mother. Maternal to fetal unidirectional taurine transport was studied in in vitro perfused human placentae from normal term deliveries. To determine whether the placenta can achieve and maintain a chemical gradient for taurine, recirculating equimolar maternal and fetal perfusions were performed. The ratio of fetallmaternal taurine concentration increased over 75 min and was maintained at 1.38 f 0.14 (SEM) through 2.25 h (n = 6).To determine the rate of taurine transport against a concentration gradient, flux was determined with maternal taurine constant at 50 pM whereas the fetal taurine concentration varied from 0 to 500 pM in a nonrecirculating system (n = 5). Despite increasing the chemical gradient tenfold, taurine was transported at a constant rate of 1.75 f 0.75 (SEM) nmol/min/g. Nonrecirculating perfusions were performed with B-alanine (n = 13) and hypotaurine

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The Biology of Taurine in Nutrition and Development

Cited by 138 publications

References 151 publications

Beneficial effect of taurine depletion on osmotic sodium and calcium loading during chemical hypoxia

Beneficial effect of taurine depletion on osmotic sodium and calcium loading during chemical hypoxia

The nutritive and metabolic advantages of homologous milk

Taurine Transport in the in Vitro Perfused Human Placenta

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