The Biology of the Rubus Aphides

SummaryTransparent plastic water traps, baited with the synthetic aphid sex pheromone components (4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactone and (1R,4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactol or control lures, were placed in four semi-sheltered field sites at a height of 1.1 m. Although males of twenty-one aphid species were collected from the water traps, only Sitobion fragariae (Walker) was abundant. In total, 8 pheromone traps produced 102 males compared with only 10 males in 8 control traps. The sex pheromone released by sexual female S. fragariae was identified as the nepetalactone used in the lures. Aphid sex pheromones may be more species-specific than previously thought and the presence of a host plant is not essential for males to locate sexual females.

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“…4). It is evident that males of this species fly until very late in the year, confirming the earlier observations of Dicker (1940).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Attraction of field-flying aphid males to synthetic sex pheromone

et al. 1992

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“…As with S. avenae, oviparae of S. fragariae only produce the nepetalactone I and in field trials, male S. fragariae were attracted into traps containing the compound . In the U.K., males of this species are present in the field as late as December (Dicker 1940;Hardie et al 1992) and in regions where the two species occur sympatrically, there may be a temporal separation of sexual morphs. However, only 5% of field-collected clones of S. avenae from southern Britain are holocyclic and insufficient numbers of males are caught in the Rothamsted Insect Survey suction traps for a comparison between the flight periods of the two aphids to be made (R. Harrington, pers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The sex pheromone of the grain aphid,Sitobion avenae (Fab.) (Homoptera, Aphididae)

et al. 1994

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Summary. The sex pheromone of the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Fab.), is identified as (4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactone, for which specific olfactory cells are located in the secondary rhinaria of the male antenna. The related (1R,4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactol was not produced by females in significant amounts (ca 10,000-fold less than the nepetalactone), although cells in the male antenna were found that responded specifically to this compound. Behavioural activity in the linear track olfactometer showed attraction of males to the nepetalactone, but not to the nepetalactol.

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“…In the U.K., the fertilized eggs, deposited by the oviparae (the initial egg laying females), hatch in early March. The eggs are yellow–green when first laid and change to shining black prior to hatching (Dicker, 1940). The emergent nymphs feed at the leaf tip before moving to the underside of the leaf.…”

Section: General Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology of the European large raspberry aphid (Amphorophora idaei): its role in virus transmission and resistance breakdown in red raspberry

McMenemy

Mitchell

Johnson

2009

Agri and Forest Entomology

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1 The European large raspberry aphid Amphorophora idaei Börner is the most important vector of viral diseases afflicting commercially grown red raspberry ( Rubus idaeus L.) in Northern Europe, with European raspberry production amounting to 416 000 tonnes per annum. This review synthesizes existing knowledge on its biology and interactions with other organisms, including its host plant and the viral pathogens it vectors. 2 Information about trophic interactions with other insect herbivores and natural enemies is reviewed. Vine weevils Otiorhynchus sulcatus compromise aphid resistance in some raspberry cultivars, increasing A. idaei abundance by 80%. Parasitoids show mixed success in parasitizing A. idaei , although Aphidius ervi attack rates more than doubled when A. idaei fed on a partially susceptible raspberry cultivar, compared with a resistant variety. These findings are discussed in the context of potential biological control as part of an integrated pest and disease management framework. 3 Amphorophora idaei transmits four known viruses: Black raspberry necrosis virus, Raspberry leaf mottle virus, Raspberry leaf spot virus and Rubus yellow net virus , with A. idaei taking as little as 2 min to transmit some viruses. 4 Existing control strategies, including resistant cultivars, insecticides and eradication of disease from parent plants, are described. In particular, strong selection pressures have resulted in A . idaei overcoming genetic resistance in many raspberry cultivars and most insecticides are now ineffective. 5 Future directions for the sustained control of A. idaei are suggested, taking into consideration the possible effects of climate change and also changes in agronomic practices in U.K. agriculture.

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The Biology of the Rubus Aphides

Cited by 19 publications

References 1 publication

Attraction of field-flying aphid males to synthetic sex pheromone

Attraction of field-flying aphid males to synthetic sex pheromone

The sex pheromone of the grain aphid,Sitobion avenae (Fab.) (Homoptera, Aphididae)

Biology of the European large raspberry aphid (Amphorophora idaei): its role in virus transmission and resistance breakdown in red raspberry

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