The bionic eye: a review

Ong, Jong Min; Cruz, Lyndon da

doi:10.1111/j.1442-9071.2011.02590.x

Cited by 78 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Restoring sight to the blind is a challenge that researchers around the globe have been addressing through a variety of approaches, from genetics (e.g., Acland et al, 2001; Beltran et al, 2012), to replacement surgery (e.g., corneal transplant or keratoprosthesis as in Zerbe et al, 2006) to visual prostheses (reviewed in Mertz, 2012; Ong and da Cruz, 2012) such as the device-based approach our laboratory has been investigating (Pezaris and Reid, 2007, 2009; Pezaris and Eskandar, 2009; Bourkiza et al, 2013; Jeffries et al, 2014). Electrically-based visual prostheses operate on the principle that current passed through an electrode implanted in the early stages of the visual pathway (retina, optic nerve, thalamus or primary visual cortex) evokes the sensation of a spot of light or phosphene .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of thalamic prosthetic vision: reading accuracy, speed, and acuity in sighted humans

Vurro

Crowell

Pezaris

2014

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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The psychophysics of reading with artificial sight has received increasing attention as visual prostheses are becoming a real possibility to restore useful function to the blind through the coarse, pseudo-pixelized vision they generate. Studies to date have focused on simulating retinal and cortical prostheses; here we extend that work to report on thalamic designs. This study examined the reading performance of normally sighted human subjects using a simulation of three thalamic visual prostheses that varied in phosphene count, to help understand the level of functional ability afforded by thalamic designs in a task of daily living. Reading accuracy, reading speed, and reading acuity of 20 subjects were measured as a function of letter size, using a task based on the MNREAD chart. Results showed that fluid reading was feasible with appropriate combinations of letter size and phosphene count, and performance degraded smoothly as font size was decreased, with an approximate doubling of phosphene count resulting in an increase of 0.2 logMAR in acuity. Results here were consistent with previous results from our laboratory. Results were also consistent with those from the literature, despite using naive subjects who were not trained on the simulator, in contrast to other reports.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of thalamic prosthetic vision: reading accuracy, speed, and acuity in sighted humans

Vurro

Crowell

Pezaris

2014

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…In order to overcome this drawback, the researchers' interest was then addressed to other materials to fabricate both the substrate (e.g. nanoporous TiN) and the passivation layer (highperformance polymers) [96].…”

Section: Ocular Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glass-based coatings on biomedical implants: a state-of-the-art review

Baino¹,

Verné²

2017

Biomedical Glasses

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Bioactive glasses, invented by Prof. Larry L. Hench in the late 1960s, have revolutionized the field of biomaterials as they were shown to tightly bond to both hard and soft living tissues and to stimulate cells towards a path of regeneration and self-repair. However, due to their relatively poor mechanical properties (brittleness, low bending strength and fracture toughness), they are generally unsuitable for load-bearing applications. On the other hand, bioactive glasses have been successfully applied as coatings on the surface of stronger/tougher substrates to combine adequate mechanical properties with high bioactivity and, in some cases, additional extrafunctionalities (e.g. antibacterial properties, drug release). After giving a short overview of the main issues concerning the fabrication of glass coatings, this review provides a state-of-the-art picture in the field and specifically discusses the development of bioactive and hierarchical coatings on 3D porous scaffolds, joint prostheses, metallic substrates (e.g. wires or nails) for orthopedic fixation, polymeric meshes and sutures for wound healing, ocular implants and percutaneous devices.

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“…As such, epiretinal systems may require more image processing algorithms and complex stimulation patterns to account for this loss of retinal processing than would occur if these processes could be utilised [ 48 ]. One main advantage of the epiretinal approach over others is the ability to take advantage of the vitreous as a heat sink, allowing dissipation of heat generated in the stimulation away from the retinal tissue and hence limiting the chance for electrode-induced thermal damage to the retinal cells [ 49 ].…”

Section: Epiretinal Prosthesesmentioning

confidence: 99%