The Bioterrorism Threat

Sharan, Yair

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-5808-0_4

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…They further reported use of ICT may have an impact on mental health, although the causal route yet to establish. Studies have revealed a high incidence of musculoskeletal disorders of hand, wrist, fore-arm, arm and neck has been increasing all over the world due to prolonged, forceful, low amplitude, repetitive use of such devices [3,11] .Orthopaedist and physicians have long been dealing with these patients under the name of 'Repetitive Strain Injury' or 'overuse injury'. However now these names are also been labelled as 'Nintenditis', 'Wii injury', 'SMS thumb', 'blackberry thumb', 'iPOD finger' just because of its catchiness of trendy association.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors and clinical features of text message injuries

Sharan¹,

Ajeesh²

2012

Work

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Use of mobile phone and sending text message is a very common in today's life. While sending a text message the users need to use their thumb and other palm muscles extensively. The thumb most of the time adducted on the key pad of the mobile and use high force to type the letters. Studies in literature showed that text messaging has an adverse effect on musculoskeletal system of hand. But the extensive study on the type of disorders set in among the users who extensively use mobile phone for texting. This study aims at to evaluate risk factor and clinical feature of the MSD due to hand held devices. Twenty seven subjects participated in this study. Predefined protocols were used to evaluate type of MSD occurred among the subjects. The study revealed that development of tendinitis in extensor pollicis longus, myofascial pain syndrome (70.37%) of adductor pollicis, 1 st interossei and extensor digitorum communis . Other associated problems diagnosed were thoracic outlet syndrome (51.85%), fibromyalgia syndrome (25.93%), hypothyroidism (7.41%), wrist tendinitis (14.81%) and De Quervain's syndrome (7.41%). It has been observed that the pathology were tendinitis of extensor pollicis longus, myofascial pain syndrome of thenar muscles and 1st interossei, extensor digitorum communis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors and clinical features of text message injuries

Sharan¹,

Ajeesh²

2012

Work

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“…Due to its well-known danger and for biosecurity reasons, B. anthracis is a regulated microorganism ( CDC, 2023 ) by national and international conventions, that cannot be easily acquired from regular sources, such as culture repositories ( Sharan et al, 2007 ). However, being widely distributed in sub-Saharan Africa, China, Kazakhstan, North-, South- and Central America, South- and East Europe, the Caribbean, the Middle East, and Australia ( Carlson et al, 2019 ), one possibility to acquire various starins of B. anthracis would be to isolate this microorganism from natural reservoirs from the soil in the reported outbreak area or infested animal carcasses according to established and publicly available protocols ( Böhm and Beyer, 2003 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Via relevant research publications and mapped containment laboratories ( Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 2022 ) locating relevant BSL-3 laboratories has become an easy endeavor. In addition, there still exists the possibility of obtaining or thieving weaponized anthrax from a state’s offensive or defensive program, however less plausible, especially given that there is no knowledge about active offensive activities anywhere and that the number of states with appropriate/suitable defensive programs is limited ( Sharan et al, 2007 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthrax revisited: how assessing the unpredictable can improve biosecurity

Sabra,

Krin,

Romeral

et al. 2023

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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B. anthracis is one of the most often weaponized pathogens. States had it in their bioweapons programs and criminals and terrorists have used or attempted to use it. This study is motivated by the narrative that emerging and developing technologies today contribute to the amplification of danger through greater easiness, accessibility and affordability of steps in the making of an anthrax weapon. As states would have way better preconditions if they would decide for an offensive bioweapons program, we focus on bioterrorism. This paper analyzes and assesses the possible bioterrorism threat arising from advances in synthetic biology, genome editing, information availability, and other emerging, and converging sciences and enabling technologies. Methodologically we apply foresight methods to encourage the analysis of contemporary technological advances. We have developed a conceptual six-step foresight science framework approach. It represents a synthesis of various foresight methodologies including literature review, elements of horizon scanning, trend impact analysis, red team exercise, and free flow open-ended discussions. Our results show a significant shift in the threat landscape. Increasing affordability, widespread distribution, efficiency, as well as ease of use of DNA synthesis, and rapid advances in genome-editing and synthetic genomic technologies lead to an ever-growing number and types of actors who could potentially weaponize B. anthracis. Understanding the current and future capabilities of these technologies and their potential for misuse critically shapes the current and future threat landscape and underlines the necessary adaptation of biosecurity measures in the spheres of multi-level political decision making and in the science community.

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Emerging Health Security Threats and Impact of Bioterrorism on the U.S. National Security

Ali

Jan

Malik

2020

GPR

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Bioterrorism fear increases after the deliberate release of biological agents at the end of the twentieth century. Letters containing anthrax powder were posted through the U.S. postal system which produces fear among the population. The anthrax assaults after 9/11 made the nation conscious that the public health system is ill-prepared to administer a large-scale emergency. Bioterrorism issue is associated with the deliberate spreading of dangerous diseases thus how comprehensive bioterrorism prevention measures should be taken. Hence, the emergence of bioterrorism has enforced the US administration to transform its national security policy against nontraditional threats. The article shows how bioterror remains a credible threat and poses substantial challenges to the U.S. public health system. Additionally, analysis reveals how resilient public health infrastructure is dominant not only to shielding and enhancing the publics health security but also crucial for the nations security.

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The Bioterrorism Threat

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

Risk factors and clinical features of text message injuries

Risk factors and clinical features of text message injuries

Anthrax revisited: how assessing the unpredictable can improve biosecurity

Emerging Health Security Threats and Impact of Bioterrorism on the U.S. National Security

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