The bismuth-oxygen system

Risold, Daniel; Hallstedt, Bengt; Gauckler, Ludwig J.; Lukas, Hans Léo; Fries, Suzana G.

doi:10.1007/bf02667306

Cited by 86 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Table 1 shows oxygen concentrations in liquid Pb and Bi equilibrated with the respective oxide at 973 K with the results of other investigators. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Oxygen concentrations in Pb and Bi at 973 K in this study agree well with those of other investigators, although the agreement among the references for Bi is not good.…”

Section: Cooling Ratesupporting

confidence: 89%

Solubility and Activity of Oxygen in Pb–Bi Melts

et al. 2006

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In order to obtain the solubility and activity of oxygen in Pb-Bi melts, the research for oxygen analysis and oxygen partial pressure measurement in a lead-bismuth eutectic alloy (LBE) was performed. The analytical condition of oxygen in low melting metals by an inert gas fusion-infrared absorption method was established using Pb or Bi equilibrated with its corresponding oxide at 973 K as a standard sample for the oxygen analysis. After establishing the analytical condition, oxygen analysis in liquid LBE in equilibrium with solid PbO at various temperatures was done. The temperature dependence of oxygen solubility in liquid LBE was expressed by the following equation, From the results, the oxygen potential in LBE at the oxygen unsaturated region was estimated as,The activity coefficient of oxygen in liquid LBE obtained using Blander's oxygen dissolution model was compared with these experimental data and those of other investigators.

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Section: Cooling Ratesupporting

confidence: 89%

Solubility and Activity of Oxygen in Pb–Bi Melts

et al. 2006

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“…7. Literature data indicate that the solubility of oxygen in molten Bi at 973 K is very low, 0.38 mol %, 19 so that deactivation processes similar to that observed with Sn are possible. However, Fig.…”

Section: ͓4͔mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Molten Sn and Bi for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes

Jayakumar

Lee

Hornés

et al. 2010

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Molten Sn and Bi were examined at 973 and 1073K for use as anodes in solid oxide fuel cells with yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolytes. Cells were operated under “battery” conditions, with dry He flow in the anode compartment, to characterize the electrochemical oxidation of the metals at the YSZ interface. For both metals, the open-circuit voltages (OCVs) were close to that expected based on their oxidation thermodynamics, ∼0.93V for Sn and ∼0.48V for Bi. With Sn, the cell performance degraded rapidly after the transfer of approximately 0.5–1.5C∕cm2 of charge due to the formation of a SnnormalO2 layer at the YSZ interface. At 973K , the anode impedance at OCV for freshly reduced Sn was approximately 3Ωcm2 but this increased to well over 250Ωcm2 after the transfer of 1.6C∕cm2 of charge. Following the transfer of 8.2C∕cm2 at 1073K , the formation of a 10μm thick SnnormalO2 layer was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. With Bi, the OCV anode impedance at 973K was less than 0.25Ωcm2 and remained constant until essentially all of the Bi had been oxidized to normalBi2normalO3 . Some implications of these results for direct carbon fuel cells are discussed.

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“…Risold et al [9] have reviewed and assessed the phase diagram and thermochemical data of the (Bi + O) system. Diffusivity of oxygen in liquid bismuth was measured by Fitzner [10] and Heshmatpour and Stevenson [11].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%