The Blood and Muscle Expression Pattern of the Equine TCAP Gene during the Race Track Training of Arabian Horses

Abstract

Horse musculature has been shaped through evolution by environmental and human factors, which has resulted in several extraordinary adaptations to physical effort. Skeletal muscle plasticity results from the response to mechanical stimulation causing hypertrophy, where sarcomeres increase the muscle’s cross-sectional area under the influence of contractile forces. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of transcript abundance of the telethonin (TCAP) gene, which is a part of the sarcomere macromolecular mechanosensory complex in the gluteus medius muscle, and the whole blood of Arabian horses during flat race training. The analysis, performed by quantitative PCR, showed an increase of TCAP transcripts in skeletal muscle. However, in whole blood, the transcript abundance decreased after the first stage of training and further increased after the second phase. The obtained results indicate a lack of similarity of TCAP gene expression in both tissues.

Identification of key genes and molecular mechanism in hip joint capsule of patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip

“…Z-disc protein plays important roles in sarcomere assembly, stretch sensing, sarcomere-plasma membrane interactions, muscle development and functional regulation [30][31][32]. Studies have demonstrated that stretching exercise can induce the expression of TCAP and the transcriptional abundance increases with exercise intensity [29,33]. TCAP is mainly expressed in myocardial and skeletal muscle tissues [33,34].…”

“…Studies have demonstrated that stretching exercise can induce the expression of TCAP and the transcriptional abundance increases with exercise intensity [29,33]. TCAP is mainly expressed in myocardial and skeletal muscle tissues [33,34]. This gene mutation can cause muscular dystrophy and hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy.…”

Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes after Endurance Runs in Karbadian Horses to Determine Candidates for Stress Indicators and Performance Capability

“…Analyses using cDNA microarrays, RNA-seq, or qPCR are one way to obtain a deeper insight into the underlying biological processes and their genetic basis. By comparing gene expression in different states such as before and after specific exercises [16,17] and in different muscles [18,19], blood vs. muscle [20], or in various breeds [21,22] and hybrids [23], it may be possible to identify the genes involved in the biological context. Further investigations, in which analysis of eQTLs [24], noncoding RNAs [25,26], or changes in the methylation pattern [27][28][29] are in the foreground, deal with possible causes of expression changes, try to uncover alternative splice variants [17,18], selective isoform expression, or protein-/expression-changing SNPs in the genes involved [30][31][32], or focus on the combination of several omics levels [33][34][35] to better understand the relationships between genotype and phenotype as well as the influence of the environment.…”