The Bodies in Charge of Animal Welfare: What They Do and What They Could Do?

Abstract

The coming into force of the 2010/63/EU (Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2010)1 Standard, regarding the protection of animals used for scientific purposes, has made it mandatory for all establishments breeding, supplying, and using said animals to have an Animal Welfare Body (AWB). The establishment of a body such as the AWB represents a strong innovation compared to previous regulations (Dir. 86/609/CEE). Building from the key concept of the 3 Rs, European Community legislators acknowledged that the effective safeguard of animal welfare depends in large part on the professional skills of personnel in charge of their care and use. The European Community legislators therefore identify a body inside the institution that houses the animals and entrust it with the task to stimulate and support the practical implementation of the 3 Rs, by informing on technical and scientific developments on the application of said principle and the subsequent training and follow-up training of personnel. The functions assigned by the Standard to the AWB therefore focus on technical-scientific support: to supply advice to personnel in charge of animals concerning their welfare, matters relating to their acquisition, housing, care, and use, and to their integration/adoption (rehoming) at the end of their use. This approach is also emphasized by vesting the AWB with the responsibility to define and review internal monitoring and communication procedures pertaining to the welfare of the animals housed in the establishment, and to follow their development and the outcome of research projects concerning the effects produced on the animals used, supplying advice on activities that could result in possible improvements. Aware of the complexity and sensitivity of the role assigned to the AWB, and of the difficulty to put into practice the directions subject matter of the Standard, The European Commission, in the years following the issue of the Directive, appointed groups of experts with the task to formulate guidelines which would be beneficial both to the establishments and to control authorities of the various Member States and guarantee the implementation of effective and to control authorities of the various Member States and guarantee the implementation of effective and harmonized solutions. (National Competent Authorities for the implementation of Directive 2010/63/EU, http://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/lab_animals/pubs_guidance_en.htm)2.

MYB promotes the growth and metastasis of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma

“…A total of 13 female non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice (5-6 weeks old) were purchased from Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). All animal experiments complied with the ARRIVE guidelines, and were conducted in accordance with the UK Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act, 1986 and associated guidelines as well as the EU Directive 2010/63/EU for animal experiments (30)(31)(32). These experiments were approved by the Peking University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (permit no.…”

Regional Behavior of Airspaces During Positive Pressure Reduction Assessed by Synchrotron Radiation Computed Tomography

“…Care and handling of the animals involved in this scientific research followed the Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament (European Union, 2010). The effective procedures were reviewed and approved by the Internal Evaluation Committee for Animal Welfare in Research of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF, Grenoble, France) and were executed in accordance to the principles expressed by the ARRIVE ( Kilkenny et al, 2010 ) and the PREPARE guidelines ( Smith et al, 2018 ).…”

Total resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta causes inflammatory activation and organ damage within 30 minutes of occlusion in normovolemic pigs

“…The study was approved by the Linköping Animal Ethics Committee (Linköping, Sweden, ID 105/10) and conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the European Union for the protection of animals used for scientific purposes [23]. The study was undertaken during November 2014 at a research laboratory at the Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.…”

“…The concentration of lactate was mostly increased in REBOA60 and was higher intrahepatically than intraperitoneally. The intraperitoneal lactate-pyruvate ratio was increased during aortic occlusion in REBOA30 (27 [− 1.5-56) and REBOA60 (26 [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]) compared to controls (16 [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]), but returned towards normal. The intrahepatic lactatepyruvate ratio as mentioned increased more than intraperitoneal in REBOA30 (46 [− 56-147]) and REBOA60 (116 [− 115-346]) compared to controls (31 ) The intraperitoneal and intrahepatic concentrations of glucose were unchanged during aortic occlusion in all REBOA groups and increased during reperfusion, reaching the highest levels at 1 h of reperfusion and being most pronounced in REBOA60 in the intrahepatic compartment.…”