The bonding mechanism of aramid fibres to epoxy matrices

Kalantar, J.; Drzal, L. T.

doi:10.1007/bf00581071

Cited by 127 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…However, it is known that moisture absorption, in many polymers, lowers the glass transition temperature; the absorbed water acts as a plasticizer, lowering the stiffness, hardness, and other mechanical properties of the material.31 It is clear from Figure 7 that the strength of control or treated samples decreases on exposure to water. The percentage water gain, calculated for each of the samples using equation ( 1 ) , was found to be about 0.7% for all samples. The test conditions ( 2 -h boil test) for the samples were kept as identical as possible.…”

Section: Water-absorption Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of titanate coupling agents in kevlar–phenolic composites

Menon

Blum

Dharani

1994

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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SYNOPSISSurface modification of Kevlar fibers with titanate coupling agents for improved adhesion of the fiber and resin in Kevlar-phenolic composites has been attempted to explore the possibility of enhancement in adhesion and bulk properties of composites for friction materials. Titanate coupling agents were used and flexural properties of the Kevlar-fiber reinforced composites determined. A study of different amounts of the coupling agents at the fiber-matrix interface suggested that 2% by weight of fiber was the optimum amount, in terms of improvement in flexural properties. The composite samples with the coupling agents showed an increase in flexural strength over the untreated samples, with the maximum increase of about 18% over the control. Water-absorption studies were conducted on Kevlar-phenolic composites treated with organotitanates to determine the effectiveness of these coupling agents in improving resistance to moisture attack. The treated Kevlarphenolic composite samples exhibited greater resistance to moisture-ingress over the untreated samples. The control samples showed a decrease of 17% in flexural strength. The largest decrease in strength was 14% for the treated samples containing coupling agent tetrakis ( 2-ethylhexyl) titanate (TYZOR T O T ) . Recovery in strength on reconditioning was also greater for treated samples over control. A recovery in strength of about 94% was seen for some treated samples.

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Section: Water-absorption Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of titanate coupling agents in kevlar–phenolic composites

Menon

Blum

Dharani

1994

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Some researchers confirm that the flexural modulus is controlled by the tensile and compressive properties of the fiber However, it is reported that in cases of a very low trix contact and contributes to a stronger interface; (3) an increased surface energy and thereratio of loading span to depth, the beam deflection may contain shear and bending components, fore more efficient wetting of the fiber by the epoxy; and (4) chemical grafting of methacrylic which give an apparent flexural modulus lower than the true flexural modulus. 1 groups on the surface of the fiber or coating of the fiber by species deriving from the hydrolysis of The study of the ILSS does not reveal any differences between the two series of specimens, as methacryloyl chloride. No evidence for this latter possibility has been found in this work nor in simiis presented in Table VI.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Several ber-matrix load transfer. 1 In order to improve the mechanisms that contribute to adhesion have interfacial bonding between the aramid fiber and been identified, namely, mechanical, physical inpolymer matrix, a variety of fiber surface modifiteraction, and chemical bonding at the fiber-macations have been attempted, including grafting, trix interface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties of epoxies reinforced with chloride-treated aramid fibers

Tarantili

Andreopoulos

1997

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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Surface treatment of aramid fibers by immersion in a solution of methacryloyl chloride in carbon tetrachloride was carried out, and the resulting material was examined by means of electron microscopy and chemical analysis in an attempt to record any changes in the morphology and nature of the surface. Mechanical testing of tensile, flexural, and interlaminar shear strength, as well as dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), were performed in an attempt to explore the effect of this treatment on the strength of the fiber. In a subsequent stage, the performance of those fibers as reinforcement in composites of epoxy matrix was assessed. The aim of this study was to provide more information about the interactions between the chloride-treated aramid fibers and the epoxy resin and, more specifically, to compare the behavior of the epoxy matrix composites with those composed of unsaturated polyester, polyethylene, and polyurethane matrix, which were studied in the past. It was found that specimens containing chloride-treated aramids display better flexural properties, whereas their tensile strength is drastically reduced. Improved performance was also identified by the DMA experiments.

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“…The interfacial shear strength values observed of bare fibers are comparable to those presented in single-fiber fragmentation testing in the literature. 18 The interfacial strength of the functionalized (by Friedel-Crafts reaction) fibers with ZnO nanowires is observed to increase up to 96.9 % over that of the as-received fibers. Moreover, the fibers functionalized by Fridel-Crafts reactions showed 23 % higher interfacial strength than the fibers functionalized through hydrolysis by a strong base.…”

Section: Single Fiber Fragmentation Testingmentioning

confidence: 98%

STIR: Tailored Interfaces for High Strength Composites Across Strain Rates

Sodano¹

2013

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The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. The objective of this STIR research effort was to study the influence of nanostructured interfaces in the interfacial behavior of polymer fiber reinforced composites such that lightweight materials can be designed for both structural and ballistic performance. To achieve this objective a nanostructured interface has been be grown on the fiber surface using a process recently developed by the PI. This process allows for growth at low temperature, which preserves the fiber strength and makes the growth compatible with polymer fibers. This is the first technique for ABSTRACTThe objective of this STIR research effort was to study the influence of nanostructured interfaces in the interfacial behavior of polymer fiber reinforced composites such that lightweight materials can be designed for both structural and ballistic performance. To achieve this objective a nanostructured interface has been be grown on the fiber surface using a process recently developed by the PI. This process allows for growth at low temperature, which preserves the fiber strength and makes the growth compatible with polymer fibers. This is the first technique for the growth of a reinforcing whisker or nanowire on polymer fibers. The nanowire growth process is highly controllable and acts to enhance the load transfer between the matrix and fiber while also providing out of plane reinforcement. The controllable nanowire growth offer a means for optimizing the interfacial properties such that an ideal material response can be obtained at both high and low strain rates. In addition to control of the nanowire morphology and load transfer, the adhesive bond between the brittle nanowires and the tough Kevlar fiber was varied such that under impact the interface releases the fiber to absorb the ballistic energy. (c) Presentations

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The bonding mechanism of aramid fibres to epoxy matrices

Cited by 127 publications

References 45 publications

Use of titanate coupling agents in kevlar–phenolic composites

Use of titanate coupling agents in kevlar–phenolic composites

Mechanical properties of epoxies reinforced with chloride-treated aramid fibers

STIR: Tailored Interfaces for High Strength Composites Across Strain Rates

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