The bony reaction to rapidly degradable glass-ceramics based on the new phase Ca2KNa(PO4)2

Bioactivity: Mechanisms

“…In these sections stained for TRAP activity, no multinucleate TRAP-positive osteoclasts were found in fibrous mesenchym infiltrating the degrading TCP, BG45S5, and calcium-alkali orthophosphate particles or in the mineralized bone tissue in contact with the various calcium phosphate particles, while in the positive controls (experimental fracture-healing sites), numerous multinucleate TRAP positive cells were present. These findings are in agreement with observations by Mü ller-Mai et al 137 who also noted that degradation of calium-alkali-orthophosphate materials occurred mainly by physicochemical dissolution rather than by osteoclastic activity. 137 With regard to HA-based calcium phosphate materials, however, it has been reported that biodegradation occurs mainly by osteoclastic activity.…”

“…These findings are in agreement with observations by Mü ller-Mai et al 137 who also noted that degradation of calium-alkali-orthophosphate materials occurred mainly by physicochemical dissolution rather than by osteoclastic activity. 137 With regard to HA-based calcium phosphate materials, however, it has been reported that biodegradation occurs mainly by osteoclastic activity. 77 It has been speculated that these differences in degradation behavior between HA and TCP or BG45S5 are related to the pH, which increases during the dissolution process.…”

Cellular response to bioactive ceramics

“…with observations by Müller-Mai et al 131 who also noted that degradation of calcium-alkali-orthophosphate materials occurred mainly by physicochemical dissolution rather than by osteoclastic activity. 131 With regard to hydroxyapatite-based calcium phosphate materials, however, it has been reported that biodegradation occurs mainly by osteoclastic activity.…”

Effect of rapidly resorbable calcium phosphates and a calcium phosphate bone cement on the expression of bone‐related genes and proteins in vitro

“…At the same time particles displayed a high degradation rate due to different processes, mainly leaching and particulate degradation leading to a guided bone regeneration by meeting the balance between degradation and osteogenesis. 52,53 In addition, the histomorphometric analysis revealed significant higher bone contact after 7, 28, and 84 days of implantation in the rabbit femur compared to different bioglass particles 45S5, 52S, 55S and also higher degree of degradation after 84 days of implantation. 53 In determining the effect of substrata on cellular behavior, it is necessary to investigate the sequential cascade of cellular attachment, multiplication, and differentiation.…”

“…18,19,[52][53][54] Moreover, histomorphometric results after 84 days of implantation of GB14 showed more than 84% bone contact at the interface, that is, good bone bonding behavior. At the same time particles displayed a high degradation rate due to different processes, mainly leaching and particulate degradation leading to a guided bone regeneration by meeting the balance between degradation and osteogenesis.…”