“…In contrast, we see logics of social dispute where urban religious practices and rituals are in reality performances staging demands for social inclusion in the face of globalising modern capitalism, reorganizations/disintegrations of contemporary metropolises (Hervieu-Léger, 2002; Hancock and Srinivas, 2008) present-day neo-liberal urban planning (Lanz and Oosterbaan, 2016) or border walls. One might, for example, cite the religious and protestatory activism of the Mexicans meeting every year for the Posadas sin fronteras held along the US–Mexico border in Tijuana in Southern California (Irazábal and Dyrness, 2010), the sacred topographies of Porto Rican casitas under highway overpasses in the Bronx which defy building owners and local police alike, or the protestatory evangelization of Pentecostalist movements in Brazilian favelas (Lanz, 2016), or in the heart of European cities like Paris, such as the ‘March for Jesus’ of Evangelicals and Pentecostalists, reminding us right downtown, that it is time ‘to redeem’ the global city (Fer and Malogne-Fer, 2017). A third type of religious, spatial practice, found just about everywhere in the world, may be seen in the negotiational and conflictual strategies used in the face of urban planning policies – observed in European suburbs or Asian metropolises.…”