The Brain's Response to Incidental Intruded Words during Focal Text Processing

“Aha!” effects in a guessing Chinese logogriph task: An event-related potential study

“…Recently, Zysset et al [19] indicated that the PCC might form powerful functional neural network with the precuneus which was involved in information integration from memory system, and receiving information from surroundings to form rich cognitive associations. Tracy et al [20] asked subjects to listen, focus on, and comprehend a story narrative, and then intruded single, unrelated but meaningful words into the ongoing narrative. Subsequently, compared to narrative text, the intruded words were associated with activation in the right middle temporal gyrus (BA 39) and the PCC/precuneus regions (BA23, 30).…”

“…They suggested that the intruded words were processed by a "nonexecutive" monitoring system implemented by pairing of activations in posterior, medial structures. These brain regions can be contrasted with anterior systems of executive control focused on the ACC that monitor errors and expends attentional resources [20,21] . In the present study, superficial information of the logogriph always misled subjects into the wrong problem solving space (mind set), or the meaning of the logogriph could make subjects produce cognitive conflicts and feel confused, such as "you kou nan yan".…”

An ERP Study of Expectation Violation in a Social Comparison Context

“…The generator of P400-700 (EIS minus ECS) was localized in the PCC, which might be involved in the monitoring and controlling of conflict processing. In the previous study, Tracy, Flanders, and Madi (2003) asked subjects to listen, focus on, and comprehend a story narrative, and then single, unrelated but meaningful words were intruded into the ongoing narrative. Subsequently, compared to narrative text, the intruded words were associated with activation in the right middle temporal gyrus (BA 39) and the PCC/precuneus regions (BA 23, 30).…”

字谜解决中的“啊哈”效应: 来自ERP研究的证据

“…Zysset 等人 [19] 认为, PCC 与楔前叶 可以进一步构成功能强大的神经网络, 主要负责对 记忆系统中的信息以及当前所接受的外界信息的不 同特征进行加工和整合, 以形成丰富的认知联系. 近 来, Tracy 等人 [20] 在研究中要求被试理解一个特定的 故事, 通过听觉系统以一定的速度呈现相关内容, 结 果发现, 与文章正文中的单词相比, 突然出现的无关 词汇更多地激活了扣带后回(BA23, 30)和右侧颞中回.…”

“…因此, 他们认为, 与经典的执行控制系统, 包括 ACC 和前额叶等脑区, 主要涉及对认知冲突, 错误反应的 监控和调节相比, PCC 和颞中回等脑区则构成一个非 执行控制系统. 该系统通常以一种自动的、付出较少 认知资源以及非策略的方式对外界信息进行监控, 识别无关信息的干扰, 抑制相应脑区的激活, 从而更 好地集中精力完成当前的认知任务 [20,21] . 就本研究 而言, 字谜作为一种智力题目, 其谜面信息往往会导 致被试进入错误的问题空间进行思考(思维定势), 或 者信息本身会让被试习惯性地产生一种认知冲突或 是思维困惑, 如"有眼难见".…”