Background:
The complex system of stressors related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the global population, provoking a broad range of psychological reactions. Although numerous studies have investigated the mental health impact of COVID-19, qualitative research and cross-country comparisons are still rare.
Objective:
This qualitative study aimed to explore self-perceived challenges and opportunities related to COVID-19 across six European countries. The overall objective was to provide a differentiated picture of individual subjective experiences in the early stages of the pandemic.
Method:
The present study included 7309 participants from Austria, Croatia, Georgia, Greece, Poland, and Portugal. We performed qualitative content analysis according to Mayring analyse open-ended questions regarding stressful events, positive and negative aspects of the pandemic, and recommendations to cope with the pandemic situation.
MAXQDA
software was used for data management and analysis.
Results:
Participants’ accounts were moderately consistent across the countries. The most prominent themes regarding stressful and negative pandemic aspects included:
Restrictions and changes in daily life
,
Emotional distress
, and
Work and finances.
Answers about positive pandemic consequences were mainly centred around the themes
Reflection and growth
,
Opportunity for meaningful/enjoyable activities
, and
Benefits on interpersonal level
. Key themes identified from participants’ recommendations to cope with the pandemic included
Beneficial behavioural adjustment
,
Beneficial cognitive–emotional strategies
, and
Social support
.
Conclusions:
Participants experienced various challenges, but also shared several positive pandemic consequences and recommendations to cope with the pandemic. These first-hand data could inform mental health practices to promote well-being during COVID-19 and similar global challenges in the participating countries and possibly beyond.
HIGHLIGHTS
We examined COVID-19-related experiences in 7309 adults from six European countries.
Besides challenges, participants identified many positive pandemic consequences.
Participants’ recommendations to cope with COVID-19 included behavioural and cognitive–emotional strategies.