The Broad Host Range and Genetic Diversity of Mammalian and Avian Astroviruses

Donato, Celeste; Vijaykrishna, Dhanasekaran

doi:10.3390/v9050102

Cited by 140 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 121 publications

(187 reference statements)

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“…Evidence has accumulated that virus infections may induce shifts in gut microbial communities [28,29]. Astroviruses are a major cause of diarrhoea in children [1]. Interestingly, -and in contrast to strong health effects they have in humans-some wildlife species, including bats, remain phenotypically asymptomatic after infection [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Astroviruses (AstV) represent a world wide leading cause of infectious diarrhoea in children, in the elderly and in immunocompromised people, mainly transmitted through a faecal-oral route [1]. In humans, HAstV-infections lead to an increased intestinal epithelial cell permeability by disrupting cellular tight junctions and thereby causing the loss of ability of the intestine to reabsorb water and nutrients [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As in humans, a remarkably high AstV-prevalence, viral genetic diversity and inferred zoonotic potential has been reported for bats. Contrary to inbred mouse lines, bats exhibit comparable genomic background diversity as humans [1,9,10]. Additionally, bat species can live in diverse habitats, including disturbed ones, and thus come into frequent contact with humans and their livestock.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Astrovirus infections induce age-dependent dysbiosis in gut microbiomes of bats

Wasimuddin

Brändel

Tschapka

et al. 2018

ISME J

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Astroviruses (AstV) are a major cause of diarrhoea in children. Interestingly, some wildlife species, including bats, remain phenotypically asymptomatic after infection. Disease symptoms, however, may only be less visible in bats and enteric viruses may indeed perturb their gut microbial communities. Gut microbiomes represent an important driver of immune defence mechanisms but potential effects of enteric virus-host microbiome interactions are largely unexplored. Using bats as a natural model system, we show that AstV-infections affect the gut microbiome, with the strength of the effect depending on host age. The gut microbial α- and β-diversity and the predicted microbial functional orthologs decreased in young bats but surprisingly increased in adult AstV + bats. The abundance of bacterial taxa characteristic for healthy microbiomes was strongly reduced in young AstV+ bats, possibly attributable to their immature immune system. Regardless of age, pathogen-containing genera exhibited negative interactions with several commensal taxa and increased after AstV-infection, leading to pathobiont-like shifts in the gut microbiome of all infected bats. Thus, in apparently healthy bats, AstV-infections disturb gut bacterial homeostasis, possibly increasing previously suppressed health risks by promoting co-infections. If similar processes are present in humans, the effects of enteric virus infections might have longer-term impacts extending beyond the directly observed symptoms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Astrovirus infections induce age-dependent dysbiosis in gut microbiomes of bats

Wasimuddin

Brändel

Tschapka

et al. 2018

ISME J

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“…2). Since 2008 and the advent of pan-astrovirus degenerate primers (Chu et al, 2008) and sequence based phylogenetics, astroviruses have been classified by their ORF2 full length amino acid sequence into three species of AAstV and 19 species of MAstV (Bosch et al, 2012;Donato and Vijaykrishna, 2017;Krishnan, 2014). Until 2008, human astrovirus infections were thought to be caused by 8 genotypes of closely related viruses known as HAstV 1-8 (De Benedictis et al, 2011).…”

Section: Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Around the same time, another group of researchers discovered three novel human astrovirus species that were related to each other, and included in a larger phylogenetic group containing HAstV-VA (De Benedictis et HAstV-MLB (strains 1-3) and HAstV-VA (stains 1-5) have been further divided into several genotypes (Bosch et al, 2014;Meyer et al, 2015;Phan et al, 2014). Astrovirus classification is further reviewed by Donato and Vijaykrishna (2017).…”

Section: Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astrovirus evolution and emergence

Wohlgemuth

Honce

Schultz‐Cherry

2019

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

101

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A B S T R A C TAstroviruses are small, non-enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses that belong to the Astroviridae family. Astroviruses infect diverse hosts and are typically associated with gastrointestinal illness; although disease can range from asymptomatic to encephalitis depending on the host and viral genotype. Astroviruses have high genetic variability due to an error prone polymerase and frequent recombination events between strains. Once thought to be species specific, recent evidence suggests astroviruses can spread between different host species, although the frequency with which this occurs and the restrictions that regulate the process are unknown. Recombination events can lead to drastic evolutionary changes and contribute to cross-species transmission events. This work reviews the current state of research on astrovirus evolution and emergence, especially as it relates to cross-species transmission and recombination of astroviruses.

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A Practical Guide to the Taxonomy, Classification, and Characterization of Clinically Important Viruses

Drews

2023

ClinMicroNow

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This chapter focuses on the characterization, classification, and taxonomy of viruses that infect humans, both pathogens that infect humans alone and those that infect humans but may also infect other mammalian or nonmammalian genera and species. While other forms of life encode genetic information within double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA), viruses encode their genetic information within genomes that may be composed of single‐stranded RNA, double‐stranded RNA, single‐stranded DNA, and dsDNA. The Baltimore classification, a nonhierarchical approach, categorizes viruses into seven groups and is based on the genome present in virions and type of replication. Classification of viruses below the level of species is not standardized across all species by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, but in some cases, subspecies standardization does occur. Between 2016 and 2021, a series of changes have occurred in the taxonomy of viruses that infect humans.

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The Broad Host Range and Genetic Diversity of Mammalian and Avian Astroviruses

Cited by 140 publications

References 121 publications

Astrovirus infections induce age-dependent dysbiosis in gut microbiomes of bats

Astrovirus infections induce age-dependent dysbiosis in gut microbiomes of bats

Astrovirus evolution and emergence

A Practical Guide to the Taxonomy, Classification, and Characterization of Clinically Important Viruses

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