The Brooklyn Traffic Real-Time Ambient Pollutant Penetration and Environmental Dispersion (B-TRAPPED) field study methodology

Richmond-Bryant, Jennifer; Hahn, Intaek; Fortune, Christopher R.; Rodes, Charles; Portzer, Jeffrey W.; Lee, Sang−Don; Wiener, Russell W.; Smith, Luther; Wheeler, M. J.; Seagraves, Jeremy; Stein, Mark N.; Eisner, Alfred D.; Brixey, Laurie A.; Drake-Richman, Zora E.; Brouwer, Lydia; Ellenson, William D.; Baldauf, Richard

doi:10.1039/b907126c

Cited by 16 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…To our knowledge, the only near road air quality studies using a long-term curbside station have been conducted outside of North America and primarily within European Union countries with different fuel use and vehicle fleets than U.S. cities. Near-road air quality research in the U.S has provided critical data about the spatial extent of traffic-related pollution surrounding highways, emission factors under real-world driving conditions, and the contribution of in-car exposure to total exposure using mobile measurements made within the roadway (Cho et al, 2009;Clements et al, 2009;Fruin et al, 2008;Kimbrough et al, 2013;Richmond-Bryant et al, 2009;Zhang et al, 2004;Zhu et al, 2004). This study uses long-term curbside monitoring (1 year) to assess the magnitude and temporal characteristics of roadside traffic-related pollution alongside a heavily-trafficked arterial that accommodates pedestrians, transit users, cyclists, schools, businesses, and homes at the road edge of a major arterial in Portland, Oregon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal and seasonal variations of NO, NO 2 and PM 2.5 mass as a function of traffic volumes alongside an urban arterial

Kendrick

Koonce

George

2015

Atmospheric Environment

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Urban arterial corridors are landscapes that give rise to short and long-term exposures to transportation-related pollution. With high traffic volumes and a wide mix of road users, urban arterial environments are important targets for improved exposure assessment to traffic-related pollution. A common method to estimate exposure is to use traffic volumes as a proxy. The study presented here analyzes a unique yearlong dataset of simultaneous roadside air quality and traffic observations for a U.S. arterial to assess the reliability of using traffic volumes as a proxy for traffic-related exposure. Results show how the relationships of traffic volumes with NO and NO 2 vary not only by time of day and season but also by time aggregation. At short-term aggregations (15 minutes) nitrogen oxides were found to have a significant linear relationship with traffic volumes during morning hours for all seasons although variability was still high (r 2 = 0.1-0.45 NO, r 2 =0.14-0.27 NO 2), and little to no relationship during evening periods (r 2 <0.01-0.03 NO, r 2 <0.01-0.05 NO 2). Comparisons with coarse annual results validate the use of traffic volumes to estimate annual exposure concentrations for morning periods (r 2 = 0.89 NO, r 2 =0.87 NO 2) and evening NO 2 (r 2 =0.46). Traffic volumes are a weak or poor predictor for annual evening NO (r 2 =-0.09) and short-term 15 minute aggregations. Seasonal and diurnal characterizations show that roadside PM 2.5 (mass) measurements do not have a relationship with local traffic volumes, leading us to conclude that PM 2.5 mass is more tied to regional sources and meteorological conditions. As epidemiology and personal exposure assessment research aims to study health impacts and pollutant levels encountered by pedestrians, bicyclists, those waiting for transit, and other road users, these results show when traffic volumes alone can be a reliable proxy for exposure and when this approach is not warranted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal and seasonal variations of NO, NO 2 and PM 2.5 mass as a function of traffic volumes alongside an urban arterial

Kendrick

Koonce

George

2015

Atmospheric Environment

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“…A complete description of the field methodology for the B-TRAPPED study is provided in Richmond-Bryant et al 2 The portion of the study related to the analysis of street canyon and intersection transport is summarized here for the reader's convenience.…”

Section: Field Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The work presented here is part of the Brooklyn Traffic Realtime Ambient Pollutant Penetration and Environmental Dispersion (B-TRAPPED) study performed in Brooklyn, NY, USA. 1,2 In the B-TRAPPED study, time-resolved particulate matter (PM) measurements were obtained to learn about street canyon transport, infiltration, and indoor air transport in a complex urban environment. The portion of the study presented here focuses on ultrafine PM transport across an intersection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-series analysis to study the impact of an intersection on dispersion along a street canyon

et al. 2009

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This paper presents data analysis from the Brooklyn Traffic Real-Time Ambient Pollutant Penetration and Environmental Dispersion (B-TRAPPED) study to assess the transport of ultrafine particulate matter (PM) across urban intersections. Experiments were performed in a street canyon perpendicular to a highway in Brooklyn, NY, USA. Real-time ultrafine PM samplers were positioned on either side of an intersection at multiple locations along a street to collect time-series number concentration data. Meteorology equipment was positioned within the street canyon and at an upstream background site to measure wind speed and direction. Time-series analysis was performed on the PM data to compute a transport velocity along the direction of the street for the cases where background winds were parallel and perpendicular to the street. The data were analyzed for sampler pairs located (1) on opposite sides of the intersection and (2) on the same block. The time-series analysis demonstrated along-street transport, including across the intersection when background winds were parallel to the street canyon and there was minimal transport and no communication across the intersection when background winds were perpendicular to the street canyon. Low but significant values of the cross-correlation function (CCF) underscore the turbulent nature of plume transport along the street canyon. The low correlations suggest that flow switching around corners or traffic-induced turbulence at the intersection may have aided dilution of the PM plume from the highway. This observation supports similar findings in the literature. Furthermore, the time-series analysis methodology applied in this study is introduced as a technique for studying spatiotemporal variation in the urban microscale environment.

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“…Two PM sensor testing campaigns were conducted in open-air, ambient lab conditions of approximately 23.9°C(75°F) and 30%RH, well within operating range for all devices. With no calibrated reference instruments available for comparison, the TSI SidePak™ AM510 Personal Aerosol Monitor was utilized to compare trends in PM concentration, as it has been widely-used for determination of both indoor and outdoor PM concentrations (Klepeis et al, 2007, Hyland et al, 2008, Richmond-Bryant et al, 2009, Park et al, 2009, Laumbach et al, 2009, Jiang, 2011). In March 2016, the SidePak™ and test OPC-N2 were colocated for one week.…”

Section: Real-time Pm Sensor Selection Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an in-home, real-time air pollutant sensor platform and implications for community use

Gillooly

Zhou

Vallarino

et al. 2019

Environmental Pollution

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Air pollution exposure characterization has been shaped by many constraints. These include technologies that lead to insufficient coverage across space and/or time in order to characterize individual or community-level exposures with sufficient accuracy and precision. However, there is now capacity for continuous monitoring of many air pollutants using comparatively inexpensive, real-time sensors. Crucial questions remain regarding whether or not these sensors perform adequately for various potential end uses and whether performance varies over time or across ambient conditions. Performance scrutiny of sensors via lab- and field-testing and calibration across their lifetime is necessary for interpretation of data, and has important implications for end users including cost effectiveness and ease of use. We developed a comparatively lower-cost, portable, in-home air sampling platform and a guiding development and maintenance workflow that achieved our goal of characterizing some key indoor pollutants with high sensitivity and reasonable accuracy. Here we describe the process of selecting, validating, calibrating, and maintaining our platform – the Environmental Multi-pollutant Monitoring Assembly (EMMA) – over the course of our study to-date. We highlight necessary resources and consider implications for communities or researchers interested in developing such platforms, focusing on PM2.5, NO, and NO2 sensors. Our findings emphasize that lower-cost sensors should be deployed with caution, given financial and resource costs that greatly exceed sensor costs, but that selected community objectives could be supported at lesser cost and community-based participatory research strategies could be used for more wide-ranging goals.

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The Brooklyn Traffic Real-Time Ambient Pollutant Penetration and Environmental Dispersion (B-TRAPPED) field study methodology

Cited by 16 publications

References 33 publications

Diurnal and seasonal variations of NO, NO 2 and PM 2.5 mass as a function of traffic volumes alongside an urban arterial

Diurnal and seasonal variations of NO, NO 2 and PM 2.5 mass as a function of traffic volumes alongside an urban arterial

Time-series analysis to study the impact of an intersection on dispersion along a street canyon

Development of an in-home, real-time air pollutant sensor platform and implications for community use

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