The Burden of Complex Genetics in Brain Disorders

Uhl, George R.; Grow, Robert W.

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.61.3.223

Cited by 155 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…31 Family history is a predictor of depression, 32 and heritability of affective disorders is estimated to be approximately 40%. 33 Regardless, the biology of psychiatric disorders likely involves the interaction of polygenic factors, epigenetics, and early-life experiences. 34 Notably, the exclusion of a history of mental illness in the home from the ACE Score as a way of controlling for potential genetic influences had little effect on the strength of the ACE Score-prescription rate relationship.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Prescribed Psychotropic Medications in Adults

Anda

Brown

Felitti³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

259

147

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Background-Prescription drugs are one of the fastest growing healthcare costs in the United States. However, the long-term influence of child abuse and related traumatic stressors on prescriptions for psychotropic medications in adults has not been described. This study assessed the relationship of eight adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to rates of prescriptions for psychotropic medications throughout adulthood. These ACEs included: abuse (emotional, physical, or sexual), witnessing domestic violence, growing up with substance abusing, mentally ill, or criminal household members, and parental separation/ divorce.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Prescribed Psychotropic Medications in Adults

Anda

Brown

Felitti³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

259

147

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“…Drug addiction has been calculated to account for more than 40% of the financial cost to society of all major neuropsychiatric disorders (Uhl and Grow, 2004). However, only a small minority of drug addicts receive any form of treatment, which indicates tremendous room for improvement in reducing the burden of this disorder in terms of individual health, quality of life and costs for society.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compulsive drug use and its neural substrates

Lesscher

Vanderschuren²

2012

Reviews in the Neurosciences

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Drug addiction is a chronic relapsing brain disease, characterized by compulsive drug use. Despite the fact that drug addiction affects millions of people worldwide, treatments for this disorder are limited in number and efficacy. In our opinion, understanding the neural underpinnings of drug addiction would open new avenues for the development of innovative treatments for this disorder. Based on an awareness that drug use and drug reward do not equal drug addiction, there has been increasing interest in developing animal models of addiction that mimick the loss of control over drug use more closely than existing models aimed at studying drug reward. The present review provides an overview of animal studies of compulsive drug use and the neural mechanisms involved. First, the employed models are summarized, with a particular emphasis on models of escalation of drug use and resistance to punishment. Next, we discuss mechanisms within the (ventral and dorsal) striatum and (central) amygdala that have recently been implicated in the compulsive seeking and taking of alcohol and cocaine. The studies discussed here provide a promising line of research that will advance our knowledge of the neural circuits involved in the self-destructive behavior that characterizes drug addiction.

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“…Drug addiction is an important health problem and a major socioeconomic issue that affects millions of people in the Western society (Uhl and Grow 2004). As the impact of cocaine addiction on health and economy escalates, so too does the need to understand its pathogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptations in pre- and postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptor function and cocaine supersensitivity in serotonin transporter knockout rats

et al. 2008

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Rationale While individual differences in vulnerability to psychostimulants have been largely attributed to dopaminergic neurotransmission, the role of serotonin is not fully understood. Objectives To study the rewarding and motivational properties of cocaine in the serotonin transporter knockout (SERT −/− ) rat and the involvement of compensatory changes in 5-HT 1A receptor function are the objectives of the study. Materials and methodsThe SERT −/− rat was tested for cocaine-induced locomotor activity, cocaine-induced conditioned place preference, and intravenous cocaine selfadministration. In addition, the function and expression of 5-HT 1A receptors was assessed using telemetry and autoradiography, respectively, and the effect of 5-HT 1A receptor ligands on cocaine's psychomotor effects were studied.Results Cocaine-induced hyperactivity and conditioned place preference, as well as intravenous cocaine selfadministration were enhanced in SERT −/− rats. Furthermore,

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The Burden of Complex Genetics in Brain Disorders

Cited by 155 publications

References 69 publications

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Prescribed Psychotropic Medications in Adults

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Prescribed Psychotropic Medications in Adults

Compulsive drug use and its neural substrates

Adaptations in pre- and postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptor function and cocaine supersensitivity in serotonin transporter knockout rats

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