The burden of disease in Russia from 1980 to 2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Abstract

SummaryBackgroundOver the past few decades, social and economic changes have had substantial effects on health and wellbeing in Russia. We aimed to use data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) to evaluate trends in mortality, causes of death, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and associated risk factors in Russia from 1980 to 2016.MethodsWe estimated all-cause mortality by use of a multistage modelling process that synthesised data from vital registration systems, surveys, and censuses. A composite measure of health loss due to both fatal and non-fatal disease burden (DALYs) was calculated as the sum of YLLs and YLDs for each age, sex, year, and location. Health progress was evaluated in comparison with patterns of change in similar countries by use of the Socio-demographic Index that was developed for GBD 2016.FindingsFollowing rapid decreases in life expectancy after the collapse of the Soviet Union, life expectancy at birth in Russia improved between 2006 and 2016. The all-cause mortality rate decreased by 16·6% (95% uncertainty interval 9·4–33·8) between 1980 and 2016. This overall decrease encompasses the cycles of sharp increases and plateaus in mortality that occurred before 2005. Child mortality decreased by 57·5% (53·5–61·1) between 2000 and 2016. However, compared with countries at similar Socio-demographic Index levels, rates of mortality and disability in Russia remain high and life expectancy is low. Russian men have a disproportionate burden of disease relative to women. In 2016, 59·2% (55·3–62·6) of mortality in men aged 15–49 years and 46·8% (44·5–49·5) of mortality in women were attributable to behavioural risk factors, including alcohol use, drug use, and smoking.InterpretationTrends in mortality in Russia from 1980 to 2016 might be related to complicated patterns of behavioural risk factors associated with economic and social change, to shifts in disease burden, and to changes in the capacity of and access to health care. Ongoing mortality and disability from causes and risks amenable to health-care interventions and behaviour modifications present opportunities to continue to improve the wellbeing of Russian citizens.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Prevalence, Awareness, and Control of Arterial Hypertension in a Russian Population. The Ural Eye and Medical Study

“…The relatively high rate of elevated BP/hypertension of 87.3% in this Russian population agrees with the finding obtained in the GBD 2016, that high SBP was the leading mortality risk factor in Russia, causing 32.7% of all deaths (4). Since the present study is one of the first investigations examining the prevalence of hypertension in Russia, the data on the frequency of elevated BP and hypertension obtained in this study cannot directly be compared with the results of other studies on Russian populations.…”

“…Despite the general importance of elevated blood pressure and arterial hypertension for public health, information about the occurrence of hypertension in Russia and factors associated with the prevalence of hypertension in Russia have been scarce so far (3)(4)(5)(6). This may hold true even more if one considers that Russia is the largest country worldwide with one of the largest populations.…”

“…This may hold true even more if one considers that Russia is the largest country worldwide with one of the largest populations. Although a recent meta-analysis estimated that for both sexes of all ages, high SBP was the leading mortality risk factor causing 32.7% of all deaths in Russia in 2016, the basis for these estimations has remained small so far (3)(4)(5)(6). Two studies performed by Mozheyko et al in 2011 and 2012 examined patients with hypertension and attending government-run outpatient health facilities (5,6), while a primary recent population-based study on the prevalence of arterial hypertension in Russia has not been available.…”

Strategies for the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases: a modern look at the problem

“…Согласно систематическому анализу в рамках "Исследования Глобального бремени болезней 2016: бремя болезней в России с 1980 по 2016гг" (2018), отмечается снижение смертности от всех причин на 16,6%. Тем не менее, этот показатель остается высоким по сравнению со странами с аналогичным уровнем социально-демографического индекса [49].…”

“…Поведенческие ФР в возрастной группе от 15 до 49 лет приводят к 59,2% летальных исходов у мужчин и 46,8% у женщин. Вызывает настороженность и тот факт, что российские мужчины имеют непропорционально большое бремя болезней по отношению к женщинам, и это несоответствие является самым выраженным в мире [49].…”