The Business Model Evaluation Tool for Smart Cities: Application to SmartSantander Use Cases

Díaz-Díaz, Raimundo; Muñoz, Luis; Pérez-González, Daniel

doi:10.3390/en10030262

Cited by 63 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…These should encompass the complexity of the urban system and continuously operate on its potential [6] in better addressing the social, economic, and environmental changes resulting from the population density increase.Comprehensive knowledge on designing business models for smart cities is therefore essential to systematically assess the most relevant aspects of investment propositions stimulating and fostering communication and engagement of relevant stakeholders who could potentially liaise the replication and large-scale roll-out of smart cities solutions. The literature provides us with several well-elaborated and verified frameworks for characterizing business models, design methods, and tools to develop, evaluate [7], and enhance a business model [8]. Although studies revealed different types of smart cities business models, these models have limited transferability [9].…”

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confidence: 99%

The Smart City Business Model Canvas—A Smart City Business Modeling Framework and Practical Tool

et al. 2019

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Cities are challenged with increasing population growth and need to implement smart solutions to become more resilient to economic, environmental, and social challenges posed by ongoing urbanization. This study reviewed business model development frameworks and developed a practical tool to help cities assess business models by adapting components of the Business Model Canvas (BMC) and adding new ones that operationalize the smart city dimensions. The Smart City BMC (SC-BMC) proposed provides a practical framework that supports developing and communicating a more holistic and integrated view of a smart city business model. It also supports creatively innovating toward more sustainable value creation. As a framework, the SC-BMC bridges sustainable value creation for business model development and smart city innovation.

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confidence: 99%

The Smart City Business Model Canvas—A Smart City Business Modeling Framework and Practical Tool

et al. 2019

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“…In the context of infrastructure planning for smart cities, the authors of [34] developed a city navigation approach for electric vehicles, where locations of charging stations were assumed to be unknown. A business model tool for smart cities to facilitate undertaking strategic decision-making promptly was proposed in [35]. In [36], a localisation-based key management system for meter data encryption in smart cities was proposed.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Zoning, Land-Use Allocation and Facility Location Optimisation in Smart Cities

et al. 2019

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Many cities around the world are facing immense pressure due to the expediting growth rates in urban population levels. The notion of 'smart cities' has been proposed as a solution to enhance the sustainability of cities through effective urban management of governance, energy and transportation. The research presented herein examines the applicability of a mathematical framework to enhance the sustainability of decisions involved in zoning, land-use allocation and facility location within smart cities. In particular, a mathematical optimisation framework is proposed, which links through with other platforms in city settings, for optimising the zoning, land-use allocation, location of new buildings and the investment decisions made regarding infrastructure works in smart cities. Multiple objective functions are formulated to optimise social, economic and environmental considerations in the urban space. The impact on underlying traffic of location choices made for the newly introduced buildings is accounted for through optimised assignment of traffic to the underlying network. A case example on urban planning and infrastructure development within a smart city is used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method.Energies 2019, 12, 1318 2 of 23 increasingly reflected in the operations of existing cities, resulting in an interrelated platform between large numbers of citizens, transport networks, services and urban assets and facilities [9].Decision-making in planning and operations of smart cities needs to be structured around two main considerations, namely strategic and tactical decisions [10]. Yet, current emphasis in the literature is on the technical interfaces making up the various data-exchange enabling platforms placed within the cities, with little emphasis on the strategic and tactical urban planning aspects of smart cities. Within the area of strategic decision-making in city planning, zoning of the city and the location of its operating facilities, including schools, hospitals and so forth, are both of significant relevance [11]. An appropriate selection of zone clusters and the subsequent selection of locations to place buildings in form the main components that are involved in city design. In cities, the positioning of new buildings leads to the generation of traffic demand in the existing network structure [12]. This causes additional traffic loadings on the existing network, and if not well planned for, can result in major transportation delays to network users. Traffic congestion is thought to result in over $121 billion in losses [13] and can increase the amount of carbon emissions from traffic by more than 53% [14]. Another important strategic consideration is the development of the underlying travel network of the region. Specifically, the development of the transport network will be based on the capacities required to handle the initiated travel on the transport networks, while the operations of the network will in turn be associated with the established capacity of the network, along...

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“…To evaluate the value of potential business models, this paper modifies the evaluation tool developed by [43]. The tool is an organized and transparent system that facilities the work of the evaluators of potential business models [43].…”

Section: Evaluation Tool For Business Model Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tool is an organized and transparent system that facilities the work of the evaluators of potential business models [43]. This tool includes all factors that affect the business models and can be adapted to specific needs/strategies.…”

Section: Evaluation Tool For Business Model Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregation Potentials for Buildings—Business Models of Demand Response and Virtual Power Plants

Billanes

Jôrgensen

2017

Energies

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Buildings as prosumers have an important role in the energy aggregation market due to their potential flexible energy consumption and distributed energy resources. However, energy flexibility provided by buildings can be very complex and depend on many factors. The immaturity of the current aggregation market with unclear incentives is still a challenge for buildings to participate in the aggregation market. However, few studies have investigated business models for building participation in the aggregation market. Therefore, this paper develops four business models for buildings to participate in the energy aggregation market: (1) buildings participate in the implicit Demand Response (DR) program via retailers; (2) buildings with small energy consumption participate in the explicit DR via aggregators; (3) buildings directly access the explicit DR program; (4) buildings access energy market via Virtual Power Plant (VPP) aggregators by providing Distributed Energy Resources (DER)s. This paper also determines that it is essential to understand building owners' needs, comforts, and behaviours to develop feasible market access strategies for different types of buildings. Meanwhile, the incentive programs, national regulations and energy market structures strongly influence buildings' participation in the aggregation market. Under the current Nordic market regulation, business model one is the most feasible one, and business model two faces more challenges due to regulation barriers and limited monetary incentives.

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The Business Model Evaluation Tool for Smart Cities: Application to SmartSantander Use Cases

Cited by 63 publications

References 76 publications

The Smart City Business Model Canvas—A Smart City Business Modeling Framework and Practical Tool

The Smart City Business Model Canvas—A Smart City Business Modeling Framework and Practical Tool

Sustainable Zoning, Land-Use Allocation and Facility Location Optimisation in Smart Cities

Aggregation Potentials for Buildings—Business Models of Demand Response and Virtual Power Plants

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