The Buss Cause/Reason Hypotheses: An Empirical Investigation

Hinkle, Steve; Schmidt, Daniel F.

doi:10.2307/3033638

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Recall that reasons are used to explain actions, but not to explain occurrences that "happen to" someone (Hinkle & Schmidt, 1984). The results of the current study show that for some outcomes, intent is inferred, implying that those outcomes are considered to be actions.…”

Section: Explanation Of Current Findingsmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…For example, Hinkle and Schmidt (1984) found reason explanations to be used more when explaining actions than when explaining occurrences. In the same vein, Malle (1999) asserts that cause explanations are applicable to unintentional behavior and reasons to intentional behavior, successfully accounting for phenomena such as actorobserver asymmetries (Malle, Knobe, & Nelson, 2007).…”

Section: Explanatory Modes and Stancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Causes, reasons, and intent: Integrating attribution and social inference

Redford¹

2014

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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The current study investigated whether and which conditions of causation contribute to perceptions of intent. The study used a 2 (locus: internal or external) x 2 (stability: stable or unstable) x 2 (controllability: controllable or noncontrollable) x 2 (performance: success or failure) between-groups design. The independent variables were manipulated by vignettes, which described the causes of a woman's performance at a job. The dependent variables were participants' (N = 308) inferences of the woman's intent to succeed, intent to succeed in the future, probability of future success, Conscientiousness, and Need for Achievement. Performance of a 4-way MANOVA indicated support for 3 of 18 hypotheses. The results suggest which conditions lead to perceptions of behavior as guided by intent, and has implications for perceived causal powers.

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Section: Explanation Of Current Findingsmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Explanatory Modes and Stancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes, reasons, and intent: Integrating attribution and social inference

Redford¹

2014

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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“…Buss (1978Buss ( , 1979 has argued that it is crucial for researchers to make a distinction between cause-related explanations and reason-related explanations. Reasons are used to explain an action by stating the intentions behind it, whereas causes explain an action in terms of the properties of the environment that brought it about or made it take place (Hinkle & Schmidt, 1984). In fact, patients are very well able to distinguish between reasons and causes (Michel, Valach, & Waeber, 1994).…”

Section: Suicide and The Traditional Medical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding suicide as an action.

Valach¹,

Young

Michel

2011

Building a Therapeutic Alliance With the Suicidal Patient.

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In 1763, Johann Bernhard Merian (1723-1807), a Swiss philosopher, introduced the concept of suicide as illness, stating that suicide is not a criminal act but a mental illness. In 1838, Jean Etienne Dominique Esquirol (1772-1840), a French psychiatrist, described suicide as a symptom of mental illness. These contributions represent important steps in freeing the discussion of suicide from a criminal, religious, and moral perspective and moving it to a treatment context (Maltsberger & Goldblatt, 1996; see also Chapter 2, this volume). Indeed, treating suicide within an illness paradigm continues to prevail to the present day (Jobes, 2006). However, should we continue to understand suicide solely as a symptom of a mental disorder? As much as this approach may be helpful, it hinders us in truly seeing suicidal persons as actively constructing their lives and potentially their suicidal behavior therein.The biomedical illness model implies that the health professional has to find the cause of the patient's pathology and then treat the disorder. However, suicide and attempted suicide are both actions that are often planned in advance or show a sequence of steps to achieve the fatal outcome largely conscious to the individual. They are not mere signs of illness and pathology. A patient-oriented understanding of the reasons for suicidal thoughts or deliberate Each victim of suicide gives his act a personal stamp which expresses his temperament, the special conditions in which he is involved, and which, consequently, cannot be explained by the social and general causes of the phenomenon.- Durkheim (1951, p. 277) Men often act knowingly against their interest.-Hume (2003, p. 297)

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