The Cable and Telecommunications Professionals' Reference

A High Spectral Efficiency Coherent Microwave Photonic Link Employing Both Amplitude and Phase Modulation With Digital Phase Noise Cancellation

“…The BER for the 16-QAM signal is 10 -4 , which is poorer than that of the QPSK signal. By using a state-of-the-art forward error correction (FEC) technique, the recovered signal would have a signal quality that is still suitable for error-free transmission [6], [18]- [19]. When the received optical power is -13.5 dBm, according to (19), the estimated signal-to-noise ratios of the QPSK and 16-QAM microwave vector signals after the PNC module are 20.45 dB and 20.61 dB, respectively.…”

“…In (17) (18) Similarly, the 16-QAM microwave vector signal is not present in the expression and the phase noise is cancelled, thus a recovery of the QPSK microwave vector signal free from phase noise is also realized.…”

Design of Single Mode Fiber for Optical Communications

“…A step-index fiber (SIF) consists of a core of refractive index surrounded by a cladding of slightly lower refractive index , as shown in Figure 1 [2]. This difference enables the fiber to guide the light by total internal reflection [3]. These indices are close to 1.5 for silica glass fibers [4].…”