In this paper, to any subset A ⊂ Z n we explicitly associate a unique monomial projection Y n,d A of a Veronese variety, whose Hilbert function coincides with the cardinality of the t-fold sumsets tA. This link allows us to tackle the classical problem of determining the polynomial pA ∈ Q[t] such that |tA| = pA(t) for all t ≥ t0 and the minimum integer n0(A) ≤ t0 for which this condition is satisfied, i.e. the so-called phase transition of |tA|. We use the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity and the geometry of Y n,d A to describe the polynomial pA(t) and to derive new bounds for n0(A) under some technical assumptions on the convex hull of A; and vice versa we apply the theory of sumsets to obtain geometric information of the varieties Y n,d A .