The capacity of nondigestible carbohydrates to stimulate fecal bifidobacteria in healthy humans: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-response relation study

Bouhnik, Yoram; Raskine, Laurent; Simoneau, Guy G.; Vicaut, Éric; Neut, Christel; Flourié, Bernard; Brouns, Fred; Bornet, Francis

doi:10.1093/ajcn/80.6.1658

Cited by 368 publications

(238 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Previous human feeding studies have demonstrated the bifidogenic nature of both inulin and oligofructose. A variety of doses have been thus far reported effective in increasing faecal bifidobacteria in vivo, ranging from 4 to 40 g/day (Williams et al, 1994;Gibson et al, 1995;Buddington et al, 1996;Kleessen et al, 1997;Bouhnik et al, 1999;Kruse et al, 1999;Den Hond et al, 2000;Tuohy et al, 2001a;Bouhnik et al, 2004). Although microbial culture techniques were used in the majority of studies, results reported thus far on the prebiotic efficacy of inulin and oligofructose are in agreement with studies employing molecular methodologies of monitoring the prebiotic effect on the bacterial microflora (Tuohy et al, 2001a, b).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Indeed, two recent studies on the bifidogenic efficacy of long chain inulin report conflicting results. At 8 g/day long chain inulin was found to effect a significant bifidogenic effect when bacterial changes were monitored through FISH (Tuohy et al, 2001a) but not at 10 g/day when bacterial culture was used (Bouhnik et al, 2004). The latter result may have occurred because of the use of culture-based technologies and their lack of selectivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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A double-blind placebo-controlled study to establish the bifidogenic dose of inulin in healthy humans

Meyer²,

2007

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Objective: To evaluate the bifidogenic efficacy of two inulin doses in healthy human adults. Design: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover human study. Setting: Food Microbial Sciences Unit, The University of Reading, Reading, UK. Subjects: Thirty healthy volunteers, 15 men, 15 women (age range 19-35).Interventions: Subjects consumed a chocolate drink containing placebo (maltodextrin, 8 g/day), 5 g/day inulin and 8 g/day inulin for a 2-week treatment period. Each treatment was followed by a 1-week washout at the end of which volunteers progressed to the next treatment. Faecal samples were obtained at the start of the study (baseline) and at the end of each treatment and washout period. Fluorescent in situ hybridization was used to monitor populations of Bifidobacterium genus, Bacteroides -Prevotella, Lactobacillus -Enterococcus and Clostridium perfringens -histolyticum subgroup. Results: Bifidobacterial levels increased significantly upon ingestion of both the low (9.7870.29 log 10 cells/g faeces, Po0.05) and the high inulin dose (9.7970.38 log 10 cells/g faeces, P ¼ 0.05) compared to placebo (9.6470.23 log 10 cells/g faeces).Conclusions: Both inulin doses exhibited a bifidogenic effect but a higher volunteer percentage responded to the high dose. A dose response effect was not observed but the magnitude of increase in bifidobacteria levels depended on their initial numbers. The higher the initial concentrations the smaller was the increase upon ingestion of the active treatments. Sponsorship: Financial support for the completion of this project was provided by Sensus (Roosendaal, The Netherlands).

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

A double-blind placebo-controlled study to establish the bifidogenic dose of inulin in healthy humans

Meyer²,

2007

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“…This seems to be the case in many studies with adult volunteers (Roberfroid et al, 1998;Tuohy et al, 2001a;Kolida et al, 2007;De Preter et al, 2008b) and infants (Kim et al, 2007;Yap et al, 2008). This phenomenon may explain why in a few studies no bifidogenic effects were observed, for instance, in a study using 10 g/day long-chain inulin (Bouhnik et al, 2004), whereas another study did show such an effect at 9 g/day of the same type of fructan (Harmsen et al, 2002). Moreover, one should realize that a small increase in log numbers may represent a large increase in numbers of bacteria: an increase from log 7 to log 8 represents a much smaller increase than that from log 9.2 to log 9.6.…”

Section: Adult Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The bifidogenic effect of inulin and oligofructose and its consequences for gut health

Meyer¹,

2009

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The bifidogenic effect of inulin and oligofructose is now well established in various studies, not only in adult participants but also in other age groups. This bifidogenic shift in the composition of the colonic microbiota is likely the basis for the impact of these prebiotic compounds on various parameters of colonic function. Mainly from animal and in vitro studies and also from some human trials, there are indications, for instance, that inulin-type fructans may reduce the production of potentially toxic metabolites and may induce important immune-mediated effects. This review discusses how these changes in the composition and activity of the colonic microbiota may affect gut health in healthy people, including in those who may experience some form of gastrointestinal discomfort.

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“…33 As the reliability and validity of organic acid markers in urine samples to predict the presence of dysbiosis are still questionable, microbiological and biochemical analyses of fecal materials are still the only the accepted methodologies to measure the microbial ecology of the gut in clinical trials on diet plans. 21,[29][30][31] Limitations As an observational study, the lack of blinding, randomization, and a control group limits the generalizability of the results. Although baseline weight only accounted for approximately 7% of the variance in weight loss, the inclusion of normal-weight individuals may be a potential confounder.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…28 In clinical trials, microbiological and biochemical analyses of fecal materials are the accepted methodologies to measure the microbial ecology of the gut. 21,[29][30][31] Multiple endoscopic biopsies during a colonoscopy are necessary to determine the mucosal microflora ecology of the different regions within the gut. 32 Based upon various disease conditions and theoretical models, the specificity and sensitivity of organic acid markers in urine samples to predict the presence of dysbiosis have been suggested.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of tea combined with high-protein meal replacement shakes on anthropometric measurements, lipid profiles, cellular biochemistry, neurochemistry, and microbial metabolism: a prospective observational study

Balliett

Rasmussen

Burke

2011

Journal of Chiropractic Medicine

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to report preliminary data on the effects of tea and high-protein meal replacement shakes on weight loss, waist-to-hip ratios, and lipid profiles in healthy subjects. Secondary analyses of urine samples assessed pre-post changes in cellular biochemistry, neurochemistry, and microbial metabolism. Methods: This study used a pre-post intervention design without a control group. Thirty healthy subjects (20-60 years of age; 23 women and 7 men) participated in a 28-day diet intervention program consisting of a cleansing day and 6 restricted diet days per week. On cleansing days, the subjects drank 4 oz of tea 4 times per day with a recommendation to drink at least 64 oz of filtered water. On the restricted diet days, the subjects drank 2 high-protein meal replacement shakes, consumed one 400-to 600-cal (1674.3-2511.5 joules) meal consisting of low-glycemic index foods, and drank at least 64 oz of filtered water. Results: Multiple paired t tests detected reductions in weight (6.4 lb), waist (1.9 in), and hip (1.1 in) measurements and in total cholesterol (13.3 mg/dL) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (11.4 mg/dL) (P b .05). Multiple paired t tests detected significant increases in energy metabolism from carbohydrates and amino acids and concomitant increases in oxidative stress (P b .05). Conclusion: The data support the concept that a low-glycemic load diet intervention incorporating tea and high-protein meal replacement shakes may cause weight loss and Journal of Chiropractic Medicine (2011) 10, 272-282 improve lipid profiles. The significant physiologic changes from the urine samples did not reflect meaningful metabolic effects.

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The capacity of nondigestible carbohydrates to stimulate fecal bifidobacteria in healthy humans: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-response relation study

Abstract: This study showed the different bifidogenic properties among the substrates and underlined the importance of taking into account the baseline bifidobacteria counts when evaluating the effect of the treatment.

Cited by 368 publications

References 31 publications

A double-blind placebo-controlled study to establish the bifidogenic dose of inulin in healthy humans

A double-blind placebo-controlled study to establish the bifidogenic dose of inulin in healthy humans

The bifidogenic effect of inulin and oligofructose and its consequences for gut health

Effects of tea combined with high-protein meal replacement shakes on anthropometric measurements, lipid profiles, cellular biochemistry, neurochemistry, and microbial metabolism: a prospective observational study

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