The capillary binding force of a liquid bridge

Hotta, Ken; Takeda, Kazuo; Iinoya, Koichi

doi:10.1016/0032-5910(74)85047-3

Cited by 194 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Capillary forces between pairs of particles due to a liquid bridge have been investigated by different authors, i.e., [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], since this is the scenario found in many practical situations like in wet granular media [14], particle stabilized foams [15], etc. and processes like liquid phase sintering [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capillary and van der Waals forces between uncharged colloidal particles linked by a liquid bridge

Megı́as-Alguacil¹,

Gauckler²

2009

Colloid Polym Sci

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This work presents a theoretical study of the forces established between colloidal particles connected by means of a concave liquid bridge, where the solid particles are partially wetted by a certain amount of liquid also possessing a dry portion of their surfaces. In our analysis, we adopt a two-particle model assuming that the solids are spherical and with the same sizes and properties and that the liquid meniscus features an arc-of-circumference contour. The forces considered are the typical capillary ones, namely, wetting and Laplace forces, as well as the van der Waals force, assuming the particles uncharged. We analyze different parameters which govern the liquid bridge: interparticle separation, wetting angle, and liquid volume, which later determine the value of the forces. Due to the dual characteristic of the particles' surfaces, wet and dry, the forces are to be determined numerically in each case. The results indicate that the capillary forces are dominant in most of the situations meanwhile the van der Waals force is noticeable at very short distances between the particles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capillary and van der Waals forces between uncharged colloidal particles linked by a liquid bridge

Megı́as-Alguacil¹,

Gauckler²

2009

Colloid Polym Sci

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“…Knowing int r and ext r , the capillary force can be calculated by the 'gorge method' (Hotta et al 1974) counting the force components originating from the pressure difference acting on the cross section of the bridge neck and the surface tension acting on the water-air menisci as:…”

Section: Numerical Simulation Of Unsaturated Granular Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress–Force–Fabric Relationship for Unsaturated Granular Materials in Pendular States

Wang

2017

J. Eng. Mech.

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In this paper, we explore the particle-scale origin of the additional shear strength of unsaturated granular materials in pendular states induced by the capillary effect by applying the Stress-ForceFabric (SFF) relationship theory into unsaturated granular material stress analysis. The work is based on Discrete Element simulations with the particle interaction model modified to incorporate the capillary effect. By decomposing the total stress tensor into a contact stress tensor originating from contact forces and a capillary stress tensor due to capillary effect, the directional statistics of particlescale information have been examined. The observations have been used to support the choice of the appropriate analytical approximations for the directional distributions associated with the solid skeleton and water bridges respectively. The SFF relationship for unsaturated granular materials is hence formulated, which has been shown matching with the material stress state in good accuracy and used to interpret the material strength in terms of the relevant micro-parameters. Macro and micro observations are carried out on both relatively dense and loose samples in triaxial shearing path to the critical state. The capillary force remains nearly isotropic during triaxial shearing. Anisotropy in the water bridge probability density, however, develops alongside the anisotropy in contact normal density, which gets smaller when the suction level gets lower and the water content becomes higher.The anisotropy effect in the water phase is much smaller than the solid skeleton and it coupling effect with the solid phase makes the fabric anisotropy in wet materials smaller than that of the dry ones.Combining with the SFF function, it can be clarified that the increased solid coordination numbers and mean contact forces by water bridge effect are more important factors for the suction induced shear strength.

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“…1) for a series of separations between grains D, to calculate the Laplace pressure, Δp and Laplace pressure resulting force, F Δp as well as the surface tension component of the evolving capillary force F ST with the use of "gorge method" [3]. The use of the gorge and a single external radius is equivalent to treating the bridge as a structured water body of a uniform external radius of curvature, and implying a uniform liquid pressure throughout.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laplace pressure evolution and four instabilities in evaporating two-grain liquid bridges

2015

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Dynamic variables characterizing evolution during evaporation of capillary bridge between two spheres are analyzed. The variables include: average Laplace pressure, pressure resulting force, surface tension force and total capillary force calculated based on the previously reported geometrical variables using Young-Laplace law [1,2]. This is the first time to our knowledge that Laplace pressure is calculated from the measured bridge curvatures along the process of evaporation and compared to experimental measurement data. A comparison with the experimental data from analogous capillary bridge extension tests is also shown and discussed. The behavior of evaporating liquid bridges is seen as strongly dependent on the grain separation. Initial negative Laplace pressure at small separations is seen to significantly augment during an advanced stage of evaporation, but to turn into positive pressure, after an instability toward the end of the process, and prior to rupture. At larger separations the pressure is positive all the time, changing a little, but rupturing early. Rupture in all cases occurs at positive pressure. However, because of the evolution of the surface area of contact, the resultant total capillary forces are always tensile, and decreasing toward zero in all cases. Comparison between measured total resultant capillary forces and those calculated from the Young-Laplace law is very good, except for some discrepancies at very small separations (below 50 μm). Up to four consecutive instabilities of capillary bridge are seen developing at some sphere separations. They are: re-pinning-induced suction (pressure) instability; Rayleigh nodoid/ catenoid/unduloid unstable transition, associated with zero-pressure; Rayleigh unduloid/cylinder unstable transition, associated with the formation of a liquid-wire; and lastly, a pinching instability of the liquid-wire, associated with the bridge rupture. Rupture of the bridges is seen at large separations to occur quite early, at only 1/4-1/3 of the initial water volume evaporated. At smallest separations, rupture occurs in a seemingly unstable way when water evaporates from the bridge thinnest section of the neck.

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The capillary binding force of a liquid bridge

Cited by 194 publications

References 6 publications

Capillary and van der Waals forces between uncharged colloidal particles linked by a liquid bridge

Capillary and van der Waals forces between uncharged colloidal particles linked by a liquid bridge

Stress–Force–Fabric Relationship for Unsaturated Granular Materials in Pendular States

Laplace pressure evolution and four instabilities in evaporating two-grain liquid bridges

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