The carbon footprint of normal and high-strength concrete used in low-rise and high-rise buildings

Fantilli, Alessandro Pasquale; Mancinelli, Oscar; Chiaia, Bernardino

doi:10.1016/j.cscm.2019.e00296

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…al. [63] supported the fact that the high strength concrete used for high-rise buildings in fact reduces the carbon footprints. Various studies have recommended the use of energy efficient designs as well as recycled and environmental friendly materials to overcome the increasing carbon footprints of building [64][65][66][67][68], whereas, our results show that the vertical expansion of urban and regional areas is another tool that has been ignored so far.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Identification of Embodied Environmental Attributes of Construction in Metropolitan and Growth Region of Melbourne, Australia to Support Urban Planning

et al. 2022

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As growth regions evolve to accommodate the increasing population, they need to develop a wider variety of residential properties to accommodate the varying needs of the residents. As a result, the new accommodation is denser which involves higher embodied water carbon and energy. This research compares the construction differences in metropolitan and growth regions of Melbourne to identify embodied carbon, water, and energy. Representative areas of 25 km2 are selected from both regions. The growth region has 80% of the built area comprised of 2nd generation low-rise residential buildings whereas the prolific construction type in the Metropolitan region is mixed purpose industrial with 30% of the built area comprising of this type. The methodology implies open-source satellite imagery to build a spatial dataset in QGIS. The visual identification of the constructions in the study areas enables to identity the materials used in their construction. The total embodied carbon, water, and energy for the Metropolitan region are 32,895 tonnes, 4192 mL, and 3,694,412 GJ, respectively, whereas in the growth region, the totals are 179,376 tonnes carbon, 2533 mL water, and 2,243,571 GJ. Whilst Metropolitan has a significantly higher overall footprint when this is compared to the population of each region, it is shown that the growth region with its current construction type has a higher embodied carbon, water, and energy per head. The total per head for Metropolitan is 226.7 GJ energy, 257 kL water, and 20 tonnes carbon, whereas in the growth region, the embodied energy, water, and carbon, respectively, per head is 287.4 GJ, 324.6 kL, and 22 tonnes. The current performance per head of the growth region is considerably lower than that of Metropolitan. Using diverse residential construction types and efficient materials can serve the demanding needs of denser populated areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Identification of Embodied Environmental Attributes of Construction in Metropolitan and Growth Region of Melbourne, Australia to Support Urban Planning

et al. 2022

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“…The steel and concrete strength as well as the steel wall thickness are chosen to be the same as in Appendix A. The performance of the newly generated design vector f 1 1 is calculated as F f 1 1 = 3.02 • 10 −3 > F f 0 1 = 0.27 • 10 −3 . Since the newly generated vector performs better, it will replace the initial design vector in the next iteration.…”

Section: Conflicts Of Interestmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since concrete and steel are the most widely used construction materials in the world due to their strength and durability, there is a concerted effort among the construction industry to reduce their carbon footprint. To provide an idea about the magnitude of CO 2 emissions related to this industry, the production of 1 kg of concrete is associated with the emission of around 0.12 kg of CO 2 into the atmosphere, whereas the production of 1 kg of steel causes emissions of 1.38 kg of CO 2 [1]. A detailed list of CO 2 emissions corresponding to different classes of concrete is provided in Table 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO2 Emission Optimization of Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Rectangular Stub Columns Using Metaheuristic Algorithms

et al. 2021

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Concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns have been assiduously investigated experimentally and numerically due to the superior structural performance they exhibit. To obtain the best possible performance from CFST columns while reducing the environmental impact, the use of optimization algorithms is indispensable. Metaheuristic optimization techniques provide the designers of CFST members with a very efficient set of tools to obtain design combinations that perform well under external loading and have a low carbon footprint at the same time. That is why metaheuristic algorithms are more applicable in civil engineering due to their high efficiency. A large number of formulas for the prediction of the axial ultimate load-carrying capacity Nu of CFST columns are available in design codes. However, a limitation of the usage of these design formulas is that most of these formulas are only applicable for narrow ranges of design variables. In this study a newly developed set of equations with a wide range of applicability that calculates Nu in case of rectangular cross-sections is applied. In order to optimize the cross-sectional dimensions, two different metaheuristic algorithms are used, and their performances are compared. The reduction in CO2 emission is demonstrated as a function of cross-sectional dimensions while considering certain structural performance requirements. The outcome of the more recently developed social spider algorithm is compared to the outcome of the well-established harmony search technique. The objective of optimization was to minimize CO2 emissions associated with the fabrication of CFST stub columns. The effects of varying the wall thickness as well as the concrete compressive strength on CO2 emissions are visualized by using two different optimization techniques.

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“…Hammond ve Jones (2008) yaptıkları çalışmada ise bu değeri cevherden üretim olması halinde 2750 kgCO2/ton olarak ifade etmektedirler (Orhon & Altın, 2012). ABD'de (Amerika Birleşik Devletleri) yayınlanan bir makalede ise dört farklı binanın tasarım aşamasında kullanılacak beton sınıflarına göre karbon ayak izi hesaplamalarına yer verilmiş ve aşağıdaki tabloda ifade edilen değerler ortaya çıkmıştır (Fantili, Mancinelli, & Chiaia, 2019) (Tablo 2):…”

Section: Tablo 1 Bazı Yapı Malzemelerinin üRetimindeki Net Karbon Emisyonu Değerleriunclassified

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2021

İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi

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Ülkemizin 20.yy başlarından itibaren mimarisinde çeşitli değişimler yaşanmıştır. 19.yy sonlarında dünyada betonarmedeki buluşlar, bu değişimlerde etkin rol oynamıştır. Osmanlı Devleti’nde ilk olarak 1800’lerin sonunda liman yapılarında kullanımı öngörülen beton 1900 başları itibarıyla sivil mimaride de kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Betonun, bu dönemin ünlü mimarları tarafından kagir yapılardan esinlenilerek tercih edildiğini söylemek mümkündür. Ahşap yapıların dünyanın farklı ülkelerinde hem kırsalda hem kent merkezlerinde tercih edildiği görülmektedir. Kuzey Amerika’da yapılar 6 kata kadar geleneksel yöntemlerle ahşap strüktürlü inşa edilebilmektedir. Bunu ülkemiz için de düşündüğümüzde 3 büyük kentlerimiz olmak üzere diğer birçok kentimizdeki mevcut apartman yapılarının geleneksel yöntemlerle ve birtakım eklemelerle dönüştürülebilir olduğu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Az katlı yapılarda ise ahşap yapı zaten betonarme yapıya göre daha ideal bir çözümdür. Özetle ülkemizde 100 yıla yakındır betonarme odaklı mimari ve kent politikaları beton yığılmalarına neden olmuş ve geleneksel mimariden uzaklaştırmıştır. Bu durum, ülkemizin ve sosyal hayatımızın her alanında etkilerini göstermektedir. Betonarmenin getirdiği tek tip mimari ülkemiz için sürdürülebilir olmaktan çıkmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında betonarme ve ahşap yapıların, çevresel etkileri incelenmiş olup betonarme yapıların çevre ve kent politikaları açısından olumsuzluklar içerdiği ifade edilmiştir. Ülkemizde son derece yaygın olan betonarme yapım tekniğine alternatif olarak ahşap yapı önerisi ABD’deki örnekler ile sunulmuştur. Betonarme yapım tekniği temelli olan kent politikalarının sürdürülemez olduğu istatistikler kullanılarak ifade edilmiştir.

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The carbon footprint of normal and high-strength concrete used in low-rise and high-rise buildings

Cited by 22 publications

References 14 publications

Identification of Embodied Environmental Attributes of Construction in Metropolitan and Growth Region of Melbourne, Australia to Support Urban Planning

Identification of Embodied Environmental Attributes of Construction in Metropolitan and Growth Region of Melbourne, Australia to Support Urban Planning

CO2 Emission Optimization of Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Rectangular Stub Columns Using Metaheuristic Algorithms

Çevre ve Şehircilik Uygulamalarında Betonarme-Ahşap Yapı Karşılaştırması

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