The Career Reasons of Nascent Entrepreneurs

Carter, Nancy M.; Gartner, William B.; Shaver, Kelly G.; Gatewood, Elizabeth J.

doi:10.4337/9781783476947.00019

Cited by 340 publications

(645 citation statements)

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“…The entrepreneurship literature has produced several empirical papers showing autonomy (also referred to as independence or freedom) to be an important motivator for choosing to be selfemployed (among them are Blais and Toulouse 1990, Birley and Westhead 1994, Carter et al 2003, Feldman and Bolino 2000, Gatewood et al 1995, Kolvereid 1996, Shane et al 2001, and Shane et al 2003. Unfortunately, rather than o¤ering an explanation, some of this empirical evidence provided leads organically to further questions of construct validity, since explaining the fact that people want to start their own business in order to be autonomous because they value autonomy is somewhat tautological (van Gelderen and Jansen 2006, Shane et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slipping the surly bonds: The value of autonomy in self-employment

Croson

Minniti

2012

Journal of Economic Psychology

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This paper models the tradeo¤ between increased autonomy from self-employment and the generally higher income that traditional employment o¤ers. While the demand for autonomy is a purely psychological construct, the economic tradeo¤s involved in its achievement are eminently amenable to quanti…cation and analytical modeling characteristic of economic analysis. We use this setup to o¤er a multifactor utility formulation formalizing the notion of an explicit, autonomy-based preference for self-employment. We propose that such a formulation as a theoretically-defensible alternative to the classic (and also psychologically-based) overcon…dence hypothesis in explaining why self-employment is chosen despite evidence that newly self-employed individuals earn less than comparable individuals who continue their current employment. Our model, founded on utility maximization by a rational individual, demonstrates not only that newly self-employed individuals are willing to accept lower earnings outcomes in exchange for psychic bene…ts from self-employment, but also that the structure of their optimal launch-timing decision guarantees that they will quit at a time such that their income will (at least initially) be reduced. We conclude with implications for the design of empirical instruments to quantify the relative importance of autonomy and income.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slipping the surly bonds: The value of autonomy in self-employment

Croson

Minniti

2012

Journal of Economic Psychology

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“…Intenção da pessoa de atingir algo novo; desenvolver um novo produto/serviço; continuar a Carter et al, 2003;Giacomin et al, 2011;Edelman et al, 2010;Miller et al, 2012; aprender; desenvolvimento pessoal Independência (pull)…”

Section: Categorias Das Motivações Empreendedorasunclassified

“…Desejo de liberdade, controlo e flexibilidade na gestão do tempo e do trabalho; Carter et al, 2003;Giacomin et al, 2011;Hessels et al, 2008;Edelman et al, 2010;Shane et al, 2003;Kolvereid, 1996 …”

Section: Categorias Das Motivações Empreendedorasunclassified

Motivações no empreendedorismo social

Braga¹,

Proença²,

Ferreira

2014

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Este artigo tem como principal objetivo explorar as motivações que levam os indivíduos a criarem, desenvolverem e se manterem num projeto de empreendedorismo social, bem como explorar os principais obstáculos enfrentados e as expectativas dos empreendedores sociais face à criação do seu empreendimento. Esta investigação tem por base um estudo exploratório que incorporou a recolha e análise de dados qualitativos, envolvendo a realização de treze entrevistas a empreendedores sociais com projetos muito diversificados. O estudo fornece informação sobre as motivações que levam os indivíduos a iniciarem e se manterem num projeto social, destacando-se o altruísmo, a paixão, a influência de role models, as experiências de voluntariado anteriormente vividas e a vontade de criar e inovar. A mobilização de recursos financeiros e humanos, bem como alguma burocracia, são os obstáculos mais frequentes no processo de criação do empreendimento social, mas a vontade de lutar, a persistência e a paixão que os entrevistados demonstram, ou seja, a sua motivação, parece ser o mote para continuar a lutar pelos seus objetivos. Para visualização deste resumo em língua inglesa, selecione o ícone correspondente ao idioma no menu lateral direito.

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“…Looking beyond merely fulfilling their basic needs, such people are likely to seek out opportunities that satisfy wants and luxuries (Bardi et al 2008). Indeed, many entrepreneurs maintain that the potential for high financial income and recognition are primary motivations for entering into an entrepreneurial career (Carter et al 2003;Kuratko et al 1997). Thus, for individuals who value power, achievement, and self-indulgence, financial returns are likely to play a more significant role in decisions regarding the attractiveness of an entrepreneurial career than for individuals who emphasize selfenhancement values to a lesser extent ).…”

Section: Self-enhancementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entrepreneurial Cognition

Shepherd

Patzelt²

2018

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The Career Reasons of Nascent Entrepreneurs

Cited by 340 publications

References 0 publications

Slipping the surly bonds: The value of autonomy in self-employment

Slipping the surly bonds: The value of autonomy in self-employment

Motivações no empreendedorismo social

Entrepreneurial Cognition

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